Kapusta Nestor D, Zorman Arno, Etzersdorfer Elmar, Ponocny-Seliger Elisabeth, Jandl-Jager Elisabeth, Sonneck Gernot
Department of Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2008 Apr;43(4):311-8. doi: 10.1007/s00127-008-0317-1. Epub 2008 Feb 9.
The answer to the question whether suicide rates are higher in urban than in rural areas may have changed over the years. This study analyzes the longitudinal trends of rural and urban suicides in Austria from 1970 to 2005. The most recent decade, 1995-2005 was also investigated cross-sectionally in terms of age groups, gender, suicide methods and family status.
Official suicide statistics were calculated in a Poisson regression model to determine trends in suicide rates according to gender in rural and urban regions as well as the ratios of rural- to urban-suicide rates. Population density levels were used as a measure of urbanization. Differences in suicide rates across the rural-urban categories were investigated in terms of genders, age groups, suicide methods and family status using Spearman correlations.
The ratio of rural to urban suicide rates has continuously increased in both genders over the past 35 years, indicating a growing risk in rural areas. Suicide methods used in rural and urban areas vary significantly and suicide rates among men, but not women, were found to decrease with increasing urbanicity.
In line with recent findings from other western countries, we showed a growing gap between rural and urban suicide rates. This suggests a need for rural-specific suicide prevention efforts, especially aimed at the male rural population.
多年来，城市自杀率是否高于农村这一问题的答案可能已发生变化。本研究分析了1970年至2005年奥地利农村和城市自杀的纵向趋势。还对最近十年（1995 - 2005年）按年龄组、性别、自杀方式和家庭状况进行了横断面调查。
在泊松回归模型中计算官方自杀统计数据，以确定农村和城市地区按性别划分的自杀率趋势以及农村与城市自杀率之比。人口密度水平用作城市化的衡量指标。使用斯皮尔曼相关性分析了农村 - 城市类别中自杀率在性别、年龄组、自杀方式和家庭状况方面的差异。
在过去35年中，农村与城市自杀率之比在两性中均持续上升，表明农村地区风险在增加。农村和城市地区使用的自杀方式有显著差异，并且发现男性而非女性的自杀率随着城市化程度的提高而下降。
与其他西方国家最近的研究结果一致，我们发现农村和城市自杀率之间的差距在扩大。这表明需要针对农村地区开展专门的自杀预防工作，特别是针对农村男性人口。
