Glück Judith, Bluck Susan
Department of Psychology, Alpen-Adria University Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria.
Mem Cognit. 2007 Dec;35(8):1928-39. doi: 10.3758/bf03192926.
The reminiscence bump is a robust finding in the autobiographical memory literature: Adults recall more events from the second and third decades of life than from other periods. Berntsen and Rubin (2004; Rubin & Berntsen, 2003) proposed a life script account of the reminiscence bump. We extend the life script account by taking a theory-based, life span developmental approach, proposing a life story account for the bump. This account predicts that events in the reminiscence bump are characterized not only by positive valence, but also by high perceived control and high perceived influence on later development. Predictions from the life story account were confirmed in analyses of 3,541 life events collected from 659 participants 50-90 years of age. Only high-perceived-control positive events showed a reminiscence bump, and these events were rated as more influential on later development than were events showing any other combination of valence and perceived control. Findings are discussed in terms of a theoretical extension of the life script account embracing (1) principles of life span development and (2) the personal creation of a life story that helps to organize autobiographical memory.
成年人回忆起的发生在生命第二个和第三个十年的事件比其他时期的更多。伯恩特森和鲁宾（2004年；鲁宾和伯恩特森，2003年）提出了一个关于记忆隆起的生活脚本解释。我们通过采用基于理论的毕生发展方法来扩展生活脚本解释，提出一个关于记忆隆起的生活故事解释。这个解释预测，记忆隆起中的事件不仅具有积极的效价，而且具有较高的感知可控性以及对后期发展有较高的感知影响力。在对从659名年龄在50至90岁的参与者那里收集到的3541个生活事件进行分析时，生活故事解释的预测得到了证实。只有高感知可控性的积极事件表现出记忆隆起，并且这些事件被评定为对后期发展的影响比那些表现出效价和感知可控性的其他任何组合的事件更大。我们从生活脚本解释的理论扩展角度讨论了这些发现，该扩展涵盖（1）毕生发展原则以及（2）有助于组织自传体记忆的个人生活故事的创造。
