Koutsilieri Eleni, Riederer Peter
Clinical Neurochemistry (National Parkinson Foundation Center of Excellence Research Laboratory), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Wurzburg, Germany.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007;13 Suppl 3:S329-31. doi: 10.1016/S1353-8020(08)70025-7.
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors play central roles in a number of physiological processes, including long-term potentiation in the hippocampus, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Excessive NMDA receptor activation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). With the discovery of the heterogeneity of NMDA receptors through molecular biological approaches, new targets have been identified for new-generation NMDA receptor antagonists. This short article focuses on the evidence for the involvement of NMDA receptor subtypes in neurodegenerative disorders and reviews the scarce advances in therapeutic approaches with "selective" NMDA subunit antagonists in PD and AD.
N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸（NMDA）受体在许多生理过程中发挥着核心作用，包括海马体中的长时程增强、突触形成和突触可塑性。NMDA受体的过度激活与慢性神经退行性疾病如帕金森病（PD）和阿尔茨海默病（AD）的病理生理学有关。随着通过分子生物学方法发现NMDA受体的异质性，已确定了新一代NMDA受体拮抗剂的新靶点。这篇短文重点关注NMDA受体亚型参与神经退行性疾病的证据，并综述了在PD和AD中使用“选择性”NMDA亚基拮抗剂的治疗方法方面的稀少进展。
