Haydon Daniel T, Morales Juan M, Yott Adelle, Jenkins Deborah A, Rosatte Rick, Fryxell John M
Department of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
Proc Biol Sci. 2008 May 7;275(1638):1101-9. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2007.1688.
Simple correlated random walk (CRW) models are rarely sufficient to describe movement of animals over more than the shortest time scales. However, CRW approaches can be used to model more complex animal movement trajectories by assuming individuals move in one of several different behavioural or movement states, each characterized by a different CRW. The spatial and social context an individual experiences may influence the proportion of time spent in different movement states, with subsequent effects on its spatial distribution, survival and fecundity. While methods to study habitat influences on animal movement have been previously developed, social influences have been largely neglected. Here, we fit a 'socially informed' movement model to data from a population of over 100 elk (Cervus canadensis) reintroduced into a new environment, radio-collared and subsequently tracked over a 4-year period. The analysis shows how elk move further when they are solitary than when they are grouped and incur a higher rate of mortality the further they move away from the release area. We use the model to show how the spatial distribution and growth rate of the population depend on the balance of fission and fusion processes governing the group structure of the population. The results are briefly discussed with respect to the design of species reintroduction programmes.
简单相关随机游走（CRW）模型很少足以描述动物在超过最短时间尺度上的运动。然而，CRW方法可用于通过假设个体在几种不同行为或运动状态之一中移动来模拟更复杂的动物运动轨迹，每种状态都由不同的CRW来表征。个体所经历的空间和社会背景可能会影响其在不同运动状态下所花费的时间比例，进而影响其空间分布、生存和繁殖力。虽然之前已经开发了研究栖息地对动物运动影响的方法，但社会影响在很大程度上被忽视了。在这里，我们将一个“考虑社会因素的”运动模型应用于重新引入新环境的100多头麋鹿（加拿大马鹿）种群的数据，这些麋鹿被安装了无线电项圈并在随后的4年里进行跟踪。分析表明，麋鹿单独行动时比成群行动时移动得更远，并且离放归区域越远，死亡率越高。我们使用该模型展示了种群的空间分布和增长率如何取决于控制种群群体结构的分裂和融合过程的平衡。最后就物种重新引入计划的设计简要讨论了研究结果。
