Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, P.O. Drawer E., Aiken, SC, 29802, USA.
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1401 Gekeler Ln, La Grande, OR, 97850, USA.
Sci Rep. 2023 Mar 24;13(1):4814. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31457-3.
To successfully establish itself in a novel environment, an animal must make an inherent trade-off between knowledge accumulation and exploitation of knowledge gained (i.e., the exploration-exploitation dilemma). To evaluate how habitat quality affects the spatio-temporal scale of switching between exploration and exploitation during home range establishment, we conducted experimental trials comparing resource selection and space-use of translocated animals to those of reference individuals using reciprocal translocations between habitat types of differing quality. We selected wild pigs (Sus scrofa) as a model species to investigate hypotheses related to the movement behavior of translocated individuals because they are globally distributed large mammals that are often translocated within their introduced range to facilitate recreational hunting. Individuals translocated to higher quality habitat (i.e. higher proportions of bottomland hardwood habitats) exhibited smaller exploratory movements and began exploiting resources more quickly than those introduced to lower quality areas, although those in lower-quality areas demonstrated an increased rate of selection for preferred habitat as they gained knowledge of the landscape. Our data demonstrate that habitat quality mediates the spatial and temporal scale at which animals respond behaviorally to novel environments, and how these processes may determine the success of population establishment.
为了在新环境中成功立足,动物必须在知识积累和利用已获得的知识(即探索-开发困境)之间做出固有权衡。为了评估栖息地质量如何影响家域建立过程中探索与开发之间切换的时空尺度,我们通过在不同质量的栖息地类型之间进行互惠迁移,比较了迁移动物和参考个体的资源选择和空间利用,来评估栖息地质量如何影响家域建立过程中探索与开发之间切换的时空尺度。我们选择野猪(Sus scrofa)作为模型物种来研究与迁移个体的运动行为相关的假设,因为它们是分布广泛的大型哺乳动物,经常在引入范围内迁移,以促进娱乐性狩猎。与引入到低质量区域的个体相比,迁移到高质量栖息地(即具有更高比例的低地硬木栖息地)的个体表现出较小的探索性运动,并且开始更快地利用资源,尽管那些在低质量区域的个体随着对景观的了解而增加对首选栖息地的选择率。我们的数据表明,栖息地质量调节了动物对新环境做出行为反应的时空尺度,以及这些过程如何决定种群建立的成功。