Marengo J A, Nobre C A, Tomasella J, Cardoso M F, Oyama M D
CPTEC/INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra, 12630-000 Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil.
Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2008 May 27;363(1498):1773-8. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.0015.
In 2005, southwestern Amazonia experienced the effects of an intense drought that affected life and biodiversity. Several major tributaries as well as parts of the main river itself contained only a fraction of their normal volumes of water, and lakes were drying up. The consequences for local people, animals and the forest itself are impossible to estimate now, but they are likely to be serious. The analyses indicate that the drought was manifested as weak peak river season during autumn to winter as a consequence of a weak summertime season in southwestern Amazonia; the winter season was also accompanied by rainfall that sometimes reached 25% of the climatic value, being anomalously warm and dry and helping in the propagation of fires. Analyses of climatic and hydrological records in Amazonia suggest a broad consensus that the 2005 drought was linked not to El Niño as with most previous droughts in the Amazon, but to warming sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean.
2005年，亚马孙西南部地区遭受了一场严重干旱的影响，这场干旱对生命和生物多样性造成了冲击。几条主要支流以及主河道的部分区域水量仅为正常水量的一小部分，湖泊也在干涸。目前，这场干旱对当地居民、动物以及森林本身造成的影响难以估量，但可能非常严重。分析表明，由于亚马孙西南部夏季较弱，干旱表现为秋冬季节河流峰值较弱；冬季还伴有降雨，有时降雨量达到气候值的25%，气候异常温暖干燥，助长了火灾的蔓延。对亚马孙地区气候和水文记录的分析表明，人们普遍认为2005年的干旱与大多数以往亚马孙干旱不同，它并非与厄尔尼诺现象有关，而是与热带北大西洋海表温度上升有关。
