Spring Bonnie, Schneider Kristin, Smith Malaina, Kendzor Darla, Appelhans Bradley, Hedeker Donald, Pagoto Sherry
University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008 May;197(4):637-47. doi: 10.1007/s00213-008-1085-z. Epub 2008 Feb 14.
The long-rejected construct of food addiction is undergoing re-examination.
To evaluate whether a novel carbohydrate food shows abuse potential for rigorously defined carbohydrate cravers, as evidenced by selective self-administration and mood enhancement during double-blind discrimination testing.
Discrete trials choice testing was performed with 61 overweight (BMI m = 27.64, SD = 2.59) women (ages 18-45; 19.70% African American) whose diet records showed >4 weekly afternoon/evening emotional-eating episodes confined to snacks with carbohydrate to protein ratio of >6:1. After being induced into a sad mood, participants were exposed, double-blind and in counterbalanced order, to taste-matched carbohydrate and protein beverages. They were asked to choose and self-administer the drink that made them feel better.
Women overwhelmingly chose the carbohydrate beverage, even though blinded. Mixed-effects regression modeling, controlling for beverage order, revealed greater liking and greater reduction in dysphoria after administration of the carbohydrate beverage compared to the protein beverage but no differential effect on vigor.
For women who crave them, carbohydrates appear to display abuse potential, plausibly contributing to overconsumption and overweight.
长期以来被否定的食物成瘾概念正在重新审视之中。
评估一种新型碳水化合物食物对严格定义的碳水化合物渴望者是否具有滥用潜力，双盲辨别测试中的选择性自我给药和情绪改善可作为证据。
对61名超重（体重指数均值 = 27.64，标准差 = 2.59）女性（年龄18 - 45岁；19.70%为非裔美国人）进行离散试验选择测试，她们的饮食记录显示每周下午/晚上有超过4次情绪化进食发作，且仅限于碳水化合物与蛋白质比例大于6:1的零食。在被诱导进入悲伤情绪后，参与者双盲且以平衡顺序接触口味匹配的碳水化合物和蛋白质饮料。要求她们选择并自我给药能让自己感觉更好的饮料。
尽管处于盲态，女性绝大多数选择了碳水化合物饮料。控制饮料顺序的混合效应回归模型显示，与蛋白质饮料相比，服用碳水化合物饮料后有更大的喜好度且烦躁情绪有更大程度的减轻，但对活力无差异影响。
对于渴望碳水化合物的女性来说，碳水化合物似乎具有滥用潜力，可能导致过度消费和超重。
