Jestoi Marika
Finnish Food Safety Authority (Evira), Department of Animal Diseases and Food Safety Research, Chemistry and Toxicology Unit, Helsinki, Finland.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2008 Jan;48(1):21-49. doi: 10.1080/10408390601062021.
The contamination of foods and feed with mycotoxins is a commonly known problem. Intense investigations have been conducted to study the occurrence, toxicity, and recently also the prevention and detoxification strategies of mycotoxins in human and animal food chains. Most of the studies have emphasized on "traditional" mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and trichothecenes. However, one of the most common grain-contaminating genus of fungi, Fusarium spp., is also capable of producing other toxic secondary metabolites - the so-called emerging mycotoxins such as fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. So far, only limited data is available on these metabolites. This is not only due to their late recognition but especially the late understanding of their role as mycotoxins. This paper summarizes the existing data on the chemistry, analytical techniques, biosynthesis, production, toxicity, and occurrence data on fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. Based on the available studies, attention should be paid to the studies on the distinct significance of these compounds in the human and animal food chains.
食品和饲料被霉菌毒素污染是一个广为人知的问题。人们已经展开深入调查，以研究霉菌毒素在人类和动物食物链中的发生情况、毒性，以及最近的预防和解毒策略。大多数研究都集中在“传统”霉菌毒素上，如黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素A和单端孢霉烯族毒素。然而，最常见的污染谷物的真菌属之一，镰刀菌属，也能够产生其他有毒次生代谢产物——所谓的新兴霉菌毒素，如镰刀菌增殖素、白僵菌素、恩镰孢菌素和串珠镰刀菌素。到目前为止，关于这些代谢产物的可用数据有限。这不仅是因为它们被发现得较晚，尤其是对它们作为霉菌毒素的作用的认识较晚。本文总结了关于镰刀菌增殖素、白僵菌素、恩镰孢菌素和串珠镰刀菌素的化学、分析技术、生物合成、产生、毒性和发生数据的现有资料。基于现有研究，应关注这些化合物在人类和动物食物链中独特意义的研究。
