Memarian R, Ahmadi F, Vaismoradi M
Medical Science Faculty, Nursing Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Int Nurs Rev. 2008 Mar;55(1):48-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-7657.2007.00587.x.
Although greater emphasis has been placed on leadership skills in nursing management in the last decade, the concepts are often confused or used erroneously by Iranian nurses. At the same time we have observed that wide variations in nurses' clinical practice appeared to be related to the presence or absence of leadership skills among senior nurses.
To begin to identify the concepts used for expressing leadership in nursing within the Iranian cultural context.
A qualitative approach was adopted using content analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 10 nurse managers from hospitals in Teheran. The data were analysed using the constant comparative method.
Fifty-five primary codes were identified from the respondents' experiences and from these three main themes were abstracted for describing the leadership concept. These were 'personality traits', 'being a model', and 'being a spiritual guide for the nursing profession'.
Implementing the culture of patient safety and dignity needs leadership. From Iranian nurse managers' perspectives a leader as a spiritual guide should empower nurses spiritually; it means he/she has a vision for nursing; has clear and explicit objectives; and has a commitment to nursing. Nurses who are confident about the underlying concepts of leadership in their culture can help to adapt nursing to an ever-changing healthcare environment.
尽管在过去十年中，护理管理中的领导技能受到了更多的重视，但伊朗护士往往对这些概念感到困惑或错误使用。同时，我们观察到护士临床实践中的巨大差异似乎与高级护士是否具备领导技能有关。
开始确定在伊朗文化背景下用于表达护理领域领导力的概念。
采用定性研究方法，对来自德黑兰医院的10名护士长进行半结构化访谈，并对访谈内容进行内容分析。使用持续比较法对数据进行分析。
从受访者的经历中确定了55个初始编码，并从中提炼出三个主要主题来描述领导力概念。这些主题是“个性特质”、“成为榜样”和“成为护理专业的精神导师”。
实施患者安全和尊严文化需要领导力。从伊朗护士长的角度来看，作为精神导师的领导者应该在精神上赋予护士权力；这意味着他/她对护理工作有愿景；有明确的目标；并致力于护理事业。对其文化中领导力基本概念有信心的护士可以帮助护理工作适应不断变化的医疗环境。
