Bouhuys A L, Jansen C J, van den Hoofdakker R H
Department of Biological Psychiatry, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Affect Disord. 1991 Feb;21(2):79-88. doi: 10.1016/0165-0327(91)90053-u.
In 61 drug-free depressed patients, relationships were studied between observed behaviors and measures of common clinical concepts of activation. The behaviors were observed during a clinical interview and analyzed with ethological methods. Activation was assessed by means of self-ratings (Thayer, AD-ACL) and global judgement (Hamilton, retardation, agitation). Various aspects of patients' speaking and listening behaviors were recorded and analyzed, such as looking, head movements, yes-nodding and no-shaking, leg movements, gesturing, and body and object touching. A factor analysis was applied, enabling grouping of behaviors without using a priori concepts. Five factors reflected different aspects of a conversation: restlessness (leg and hand movements), speech, active listening (head movements and intensive body touching, during listening), speaking effort (looking, gesticulating, head movements, during speaking), and eagerness (yes-nodding and no-shaking). Significant positive relationships were found between the speech factor, the speaking effort factor and the restlessness factor on the one hand, and activation on the other. The eagerness factor was related negatively with activation. The results give insight into the organization of behavior during an interview, and show how this is related to clinical concepts of activation.
在61名未服用药物的抑郁症患者中，研究了观察到的行为与常见临床激活概念测量指标之间的关系。这些行为是在临床访谈期间观察到的，并采用行为学方法进行分析。激活程度通过自我评定（塞耶，AD - ACL）和整体判断（汉密尔顿，迟缓、激越）来评估。记录并分析了患者言语和倾听行为的各个方面，如眼神、头部动作、点头和摇头、腿部动作、手势以及身体与物体的接触。应用了因子分析，能够在不使用先验概念的情况下对行为进行分组。五个因子反映了对话的不同方面：不安（腿部和手部动作）、言语、积极倾听（倾听时头部动作和频繁的身体接触）、说话努力程度（说话时眼神、打手势、头部动作）以及热切程度（点头和摇头）。一方面，言语因子、说话努力程度因子和不安因子与激活程度之间存在显著的正相关关系。热切程度因子与激活程度呈负相关。研究结果揭示了访谈期间行为的组织方式，并表明其与临床激活概念之间的关系。
