Moreno L A, Ochoa M C, Wärnberg J, Marti A, Martínez J A, Marcos A
EU Ciencias de la salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Int J Pediatr Obes. 2008;3 Suppl 1:72-7. doi: 10.1080/17477160801897158.
Overweight appears when persistent positive energy imbalances occur for long periods of time. Knowledge of dietary risk factors during childhood and adolescence is needed in order to design preventive measures against the increase in the prevalence of obesity and its consequences but is, however, largely missing. Longitudinal studies in children have not found clear causal associations between energy intake or diet composition and overweight development. Research has been ongoing to develop effective intervention studies for obese children but it is not clear which intervention is the most effective in assisting overweight/obese children to improve body composition without affecting growth rates. The objective of this article is to review the available knowledge on dietary risk factors for the development of childhood obesity, to discuss different dietary treatment strategies, and to propose an evidence-based approach to treat obese adolescents.
当长期持续出现正能量失衡时，超重问题就会出现。为了制定预防肥胖患病率上升及其后果的措施，需要了解儿童期和青春期的饮食风险因素，但目前这方面的知识在很大程度上还很欠缺。针对儿童的纵向研究尚未发现能量摄入或饮食构成与超重发展之间存在明确的因果关联。一直在开展针对肥胖儿童的有效干预研究，但尚不清楚哪种干预措施在帮助超重/肥胖儿童改善身体成分而不影响生长速度方面最为有效。本文的目的是回顾关于儿童肥胖发展的饮食风险因素的现有知识，讨论不同的饮食治疗策略，并提出一种基于证据的方法来治疗肥胖青少年。
