Ertan Hayri
Anadolu University, Turkey.
J Sci Med Sport. 2009 May;12(3):357-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.01.003. Epub 2008 Feb 15.
In archery shooting, the archer should hold the bow in place using only the pressure produced through drawing back the bowstring. Most coaches discourage the archer from gripping the bow as this is believed to produce a sideways deflecting torque on the bow and arrow during the release. The purpose of this study was to compare the bow hand forearm muscular activation patterns of elite archers with beginners to define the muscular contraction-relaxation strategies in the bow hand forearm muscles during archery shooting and investigate the effects of performance level on these strategies. Electromyographic activity of the M. flexor digitorum superficialis and the M. extensor digitorum of 10 elite and 10 beginner archers were recorded together with a pulse synchronized with the clicker snap. Raw electromyographic records as 1s before and after the clicker pulse were rectified, integrated, and normalized. The data was then averaged for successive shots of each subject and later for both groups of archers. The main difference between the elite and beginner archers was that the elite archers had a greater activation of the M. extensor digitorum, which indicates that they avoid gripping the bow-handle not only relaxing the flexor muscles, but also contracting the extensor muscle groups. This muscular contraction strategy secures the archer to not interfere with the forward movement of the bow, which is the forward acceleration of the bow caused by the pushing power of the bowstring.
在射箭过程中，射手应仅通过拉弓弦产生的压力来固定弓。大多数教练不鼓励射手紧握弓，因为人们认为这会在释放过程中对弓和箭产生侧向偏转扭矩。本研究的目的是比较精英射手和初学者在弓手前臂的肌肉激活模式，以确定射箭过程中弓手前臂肌肉的收缩 - 放松策略，并研究表现水平对这些策略的影响。记录了10名精英射手和10名初学者的指浅屈肌和指伸肌的肌电活动，同时记录了与点击器咔嗒声同步的脉搏。对点击器脉冲前后1秒的原始肌电记录进行整流、积分和归一化处理。然后对每个受试者的连续射击数据进行平均，随后对两组射手的数据进行平均。精英射手和初学者之间的主要区别在于，精英射手的指伸肌激活程度更高，这表明他们不仅通过放松屈肌来避免紧握弓柄，还通过收缩伸肌肌群来实现。这种肌肉收缩策略确保射手不会干扰弓的向前运动，即弓弦推力导致的弓的向前加速。
