Neel N R, Alvarez J O
Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud Pública, Universidad de Alabama, Birmingham.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1991 Feb;110(2):93-107.
In order to determine the relationship between nutritional, sociodemographic, and obstetrical variables and fetal malnutrition, a study was done on a group of mothers of nonpremature neonates born in a hospital in the central mountainous region of Guatemala. Of the 306 neonates, 105 (34%) presented fetal malnutrition (intrauterine growth retardation, IUGR), which in 77% of the cases was chronic (fetal atrophy, or IUGR type I) and in 23% of the cases was acute (fetal emaciation, or IUGR type II). The maternal factors related to fetal atrophy were puerperal nutritional indicators (weight, height, skinfold thickness, and arm circumference) and sociodemographic indicators (schooling, literacy, and socioeconomic level). Fetal emaciation was found to be related to obstetrical characteristics such as number of previous deliveries and birth interval. The results suggest that poverty, malnutrition, and precarious living conditions over prolonged periods of time are related to chronic fetal malnutrition (fetal atrophy), which is very frequent in this population.
为了确定营养、社会人口统计学和产科变量与胎儿营养不良之间的关系，对危地马拉中部山区一家医院出生的一组非早产新生儿的母亲进行了一项研究。在306名新生儿中，105名（34%）出现胎儿营养不良（宫内生长迟缓，IUGR），其中77%的病例为慢性（胎儿萎缩，即IUGR I型），23%的病例为急性（胎儿消瘦，即IUGR II型）。与胎儿萎缩相关的母体因素是产后营养指标（体重、身高、皮褶厚度和臂围）和社会人口统计学指标（受教育程度、识字率和社会经济水平）。发现胎儿消瘦与产科特征有关，如既往分娩次数和生育间隔。结果表明，长期的贫困、营养不良和不稳定的生活条件与慢性胎儿营养不良（胎儿萎缩）有关，这种情况在该人群中非常常见。
