Sorokin A V, Kim E R, Ovchinnikov L P
Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
Biochemistry (Mosc). 2007 Dec;72(13):1439-57. doi: 10.1134/s0006297907130032.
In eukaryotic cells, the movement of macromolecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC)--a large protein complex spanning the nuclear envelope. The nuclear transport of proteins is usually mediated by a family of transport receptors known as karyopherins. Karyopherins bind to their cargoes via recognition of nuclear localization signal (NLS) for nuclear import or nuclear export signal (NES) for export to form a transport complex. Its transport through NPC is facilitated by transient interactions between the karyopherins and NPC components. The interactions of karyopherins with their cargoes are regulated by GTPase Ran. In the current review, we describe the NPC structure, NLS, and NES, as well as the model of classic Ran-dependent transport, with special emphasis on existing alternative mechanisms; we also propose a classification of the basic mechanisms of protein transport regulation.
在真核细胞中，大分子在细胞核与细胞质之间的移动是通过核孔复合体（NPC）进行的，核孔复合体是一种横跨核膜的大型蛋白质复合体。蛋白质的核运输通常由一类称为核转运蛋白的运输受体介导。核转运蛋白通过识别用于核输入的核定位信号（NLS）或用于输出的核输出信号（NES）与其货物结合，形成运输复合体。核转运蛋白与NPC组分之间的瞬时相互作用促进了其通过NPC的运输。核转运蛋白与其货物的相互作用受GTP酶Ran调控。在本综述中，我们描述了NPC结构、NLS和NES，以及经典的Ran依赖性运输模型，特别强调了现有的替代机制；我们还提出了蛋白质运输调控基本机制的分类。
