Gendolla Guido H E, Richter Michael, Silvia Paul J
Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Psychophysiology. 2008 Jul;45(4):653-62. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2008.00655.x. Epub 2008 Feb 11.
Two experiments examined the joint impact of self-focused attention and task difficulty on performance-related cardiovascular reactivity. Predictions were derived from an application of the principles of motivational intensity theory and its integration with the active coping approach to performance conditions that have consequences for self-esteem. According to this model, self-focus will induce a state of self-evaluation and thus augment the importance of success, and cardiovascular reactivity will increase with difficulty until a task becomes impossible or the goal is not worth the necessary resources. Supporting these predictions, 2 experiments found that high self-focus increased performance-related systolic blood pressure reactivity when difficulty was unfixed ("do your best") or fixed at a high level. When the task was easy or impossible, however, high self-focus did not affect systolic reactivity relative to low self-focus.
两项实验研究了自我关注和任务难度对与表现相关的心血管反应性的联合影响。预测是基于动机强度理论的原理应用及其与针对对自尊有影响的表现条件的积极应对方法的整合得出的。根据该模型，自我关注会引发自我评估状态，从而增强成功的重要性，并且心血管反应性会随着难度增加而上升，直到任务变得无法完成或目标不值得投入所需资源。支持这些预测的是，两项实验发现，当难度未确定（“尽你最大努力”）或固定在高水平时，高度的自我关注会增加与表现相关的收缩压反应性。然而，当任务轻松或无法完成时，相对于低度自我关注，高度自我关注并未影响收缩压反应性。
