Shanmugam Chezhiyan, Maffulli Nicola
Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2008;86:33-57. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldn001. Epub 2008 Feb 18.
Sports injuries in children affect both growing bone and soft tissues, and can result in damage of growth mechanisms with subsequent lifelong, growth disturbance. This clinical review unfolds the incidence and distribution, physiology, injury characteristics and the prevention modalities.
A comprehensive in Medline literature search was performed, and the reference lists of sports injuries related journals and text books was consulted.
During growth, there are significant changes in the biomechanical properties of bone. In young athletes, as bone stiffness increases and resistance to impact diminishes, sudden overload may cause bones to bow or buckle. Fractures that are initially united with some deformity can completely remodel, and the bone may appear totally normal in later life.
DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Most injuries caused in children's sports are minor and self-limiting, suggesting that children and youth sports are safe. The training programmes should take into account their physical and psychological immaturity, so that growing athletes can adjust to the changes in their bodies.
儿童运动损伤会影响生长中的骨骼和软组织，并可能导致生长机制受损，继而造成终身生长障碍。本临床综述阐述了发病率与分布情况、生理学、损伤特征及预防方式。
对医学文献数据库进行了全面检索，并查阅了运动损伤相关期刊和教科书的参考文献列表。
在生长过程中，骨骼的生物力学特性会发生显著变化。在年轻运动员中，随着骨骼硬度增加和抗冲击能力下降，突然的过载可能导致骨骼弯曲或折断。最初伴有一些畸形愈合的骨折可以完全重塑，骨骼在后期生活中可能看起来完全正常。
讨论/结论：儿童体育运动中造成的大多数损伤都是轻微且自限性的，这表明儿童和青少年体育运动是安全的。训练计划应考虑到他们身体和心理上的不成熟，以便成长中的运动员能够适应身体的变化。
