Hejazi Nadia S
Department of Neurology and Internal Medicine, National Naval Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(4):447-54. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2007.9.4/nhejazi.
Addictions are illnesses of complex causation, including inheritance and a role for gene/environment interactions. Functional alleles influencing pharmacodynamic (tissue response) and pharmacokinetic (absorption, distribution, and metabolism) play a role, but these interact with diverse environmental factors including early life stress, underage drug exposure, availability of addictive agents, and response to clinical interventions including pharmacotherapies. Identification of genetic factors in addiction thus plays an important role in the understanding of processes of addiction and origins of differential vulnerabilities and treatment responses.
成瘾是由复杂病因导致的疾病，包括遗传因素以及基因/环境相互作用所起的作用。影响药效动力学（组织反应）和药代动力学（吸收、分布和代谢）的功能性等位基因发挥着作用，但这些基因与多种环境因素相互作用，包括早期生活压力、未成年时接触毒品、成瘾物质的可得性以及对包括药物治疗在内的临床干预措施的反应。因此，确定成瘾中的遗传因素在理解成瘾过程、个体易感性差异的根源以及治疗反应方面起着重要作用。
