MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Feb 22;57(7):169-73.
Measles, a highly infectious viral illness, is no longer endemic in the United States because of high coverage rates with an effective vaccine. However, imported cases continue to cause illness and outbreaks among susceptible U.S. residents. In August 2007, a participant in an international youth sporting event who traveled from Japan to the United States became ill with measles. Because he traveled while infectious to an event with thousands of participants and spectators, an outbreak investigation was conducted in multiple states by state and local health departments in coordination with CDC, using standard measles surveillance case definitions and classifications. This report summarizes the results of that investigation, which identified six additional measles cases that were linked epidemiologically to the index case and two generations of secondary transmission. Viral genotyping supported a single chain of transmission; six of the seven cases were linked by genetic sequencing. U.S. organizers of large-scale events attended by international travelers, especially youths, should consider documentation of adequate participant vaccination. This outbreak highlights the need to maintain the highest possible vaccination coverage in the United States, along with disease surveillance and outbreak-containment capabilities.
麻疹是一种极具传染性的病毒性疾病，由于有效疫苗的高接种率，在美国已不再是地方性疾病。然而，输入性病例仍继续在美国易感居民中引发疾病和疫情。2007年8月，一名从日本前往美国参加国际青年体育赛事的参与者感染了麻疹。由于他在具有传染性时前往了一个有数千名参与者和观众的赛事，州和地方卫生部门与美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）协调，在多个州开展了疫情调查，采用标准的麻疹监测病例定义和分类。本报告总结了该调查结果，调查确定了另外6例与首例病例存在流行病学关联的麻疹病例以及两代二代传播病例。病毒基因分型支持单一传播链；7例病例中的6例通过基因测序建立了联系。国际旅行者尤其是青少年参加的大型活动的美国组织者，应考虑记录参与者的充分疫苗接种情况。此次疫情凸显了在美国保持尽可能高的疫苗接种率以及疾病监测和疫情控制能力的必要性。
