MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2008 Feb 22;57(7):175-9.
In 2005, approximately 920,000 persons in the United States had a myocardial infarction (i.e., heart attack); in 2004, approximately 157,000 heart attacks were fatal. One study indicated that approximately half of cardiac deaths occur within 1 hour of symptom onset, before patients reach a hospital. Timely access to emergency cardiac care, receipt of advanced treatment, and potential for surviving a heart attack all depend on 1) early recognition of warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack by persons who are having a heart attack and bystanders and 2) immediately calling 9-1-1. Healthy People 2010 includes an objective to increase from 46% to 50% the proportion of adults aged > or =20 years who are aware of the early warning signs and symptoms of a heart attack and the importance of accessing rapid emergency care by calling 9-1-1 (objective 12-2). To update estimates of public awareness of heart attack warning signs and symptoms and knowledge of the importance of calling 9-1-1, CDC analyzed 2005 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from the 14 states that included questions on signs and symptoms of a heart attack. This report describes the results of that analysis, which indicated that although the awareness of certain individual warning signs was as high as 93% (i.e., for shortness of breath), awareness of all five warning signs was 31%, underscoring the need for public health measures to increase public awareness of heart attack warning signs and symptoms. In addition, disparities in awareness were observed by race/ethnicity, sex, and level of education, suggesting that new public health measures should target populations with the lowest levels of awareness.
2005年，美国约有92万人发生心肌梗死（即心脏病发作）；2004年，约15.7万例心脏病发作导致死亡。一项研究表明，约有一半的心脏性死亡发生在症状出现后的1小时内，此时患者尚未到达医院。及时获得紧急心脏护理、接受高级治疗以及心脏病发作后存活的可能性均取决于：1）心脏病发作患者及旁观者对心脏病发作预警信号和症状的早期识别；2）立即拨打911。《健康人民2010》的一个目标是，将年龄≥20岁的成年人中知晓心脏病发作早期预警信号和症状以及拨打911获得快速紧急护理重要性的比例从46%提高到50%（目标12-2）。为更新公众对心脏病发作预警信号和症状的知晓情况以及拨打911重要性的认识估计，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了2005年行为危险因素监测系统（BRFSS）中来自14个州的数据，这些数据包含有关心脏病发作症状的问题。本报告描述了该分析结果，结果表明，尽管对某些个别预警信号的知晓率高达93%（即呼吸急促），但对所有五个预警信号的知晓率为31%，这突出表明需要采取公共卫生措施来提高公众对心脏病发作预警信号和症状的认识。此外，在种族/族裔、性别和教育程度方面观察到了知晓情况的差异，这表明新的公共卫生措施应针对知晓率最低的人群。
