Memiş Sakine, Evci Emine Didem, Ergin Filiz, Beşer Erdal
Department of Medical Nursing, School of Health, Medical Faculty, Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey.
Anadolu Kardiyol Derg. 2009 Aug;9(4):304-10.
The study was conducted to determine the level of knowledge and awareness of risk factors and warning signs of heart attack in a selected sample of the Turkish population.
Population-based cross-sectional study was carried out with people over age 40 years in Aydin. The study group was determined by multi-stage sampling method (simple random and cluster sampling methods). Questionnaire was administered during face-to-face interviews in the participants' homes. Chi-square and t-test were used for analytical evaluation. Risk assessments were performed utilizing logistic regression analysis.
The percentage of participants who did not know what a heart attack is and its warning signs were 42.3% and 23.2%, respectively. Overall, 11.8% were unaware of risk factors. Loss of consciousness/fainting, chest pain, radiation of pain were reported as three major warning signs. Among risk factors, stress was ranked as the most common, followed by smoking. It was determined that age, place of residence, education, occupation, self-reported risk factors had effect on the knowledge for major warning signs (p<0.05). In multivariate analysis, the factors having a negative effect on knowledge of major warning signs were having primary school/lower level of education (OR=2.447, 95%CI 1.773-3.378; p<0.0001), being older (OR=1.020, 95%CI 1.007-1.032, p=0.002), living in urban area (OR=1.493, 95%CI 1.133-1.968, p=0.004), being unemployed (OR=1.436, 95%CI 1.010-2.041, p=0.044) and absence of self-reported risk factors (OR=1.965, 95%CI 1.201-3.216, p=0.007). The percentage of participants stated that the first action to take for a person having heart attack was to put them on their back, open their collar, elevate their feet was 24.1%. They had learned information about the symptoms and the risk factors from television (28.6%) and neighbors/relatives (28.3%).
This study revealed the need for increasing awareness utilizing community based education programs and the mass media.
本研究旨在确定土耳其特定人群样本中对心脏病发作风险因素和警示信号的认知水平。
在艾登对40岁以上人群开展基于人群的横断面研究。研究组通过多阶段抽样方法（简单随机抽样和整群抽样方法）确定。在参与者家中进行面对面访谈时发放问卷。采用卡方检验和t检验进行分析评估。利用逻辑回归分析进行风险评估。
不知道心脏病发作是什么及其警示信号的参与者比例分别为42.3%和23.2%。总体而言，11.8%的人未意识到风险因素。意识丧失/昏厥、胸痛、疼痛放射被报告为三大警示信号。在风险因素中，压力被列为最常见的因素，其次是吸烟。确定年龄、居住地点、教育程度、职业、自我报告的风险因素对主要警示信号的认知有影响（p<0.05）。在多变量分析中，对主要警示信号认知有负面影响的因素包括小学/更低教育水平（OR=2.447，95%CI 1.773 - 3.378；p<0.0001）、年龄较大（OR=1.020，95%CI 1.007 - 1.032，p=0.002）、居住在城市地区（OR=1.493，95%CI 1.133 - 1.968，p=0.004）、失业（OR=1.436，95%CI 1.010 - 2.041，p=0.044）以及没有自我报告的风险因素（OR=1.965，95%CI 1.201 - 3.216，p=0.007）。表示对心脏病发作患者应采取的首要行动是让其仰卧、解开领口、抬高双脚的参与者比例为24.1%。他们从电视（28.6%）和邻居/亲戚（28.3%）那里了解到有关症状和风险因素的信息。
本研究表明需要利用基于社区的教育项目和大众媒体提高认知度。
