Williams M, Bowen A, Ross M, Timpson S, Pallonen U, Amos C
School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
AIDS Care. 2008 Feb;20(2):218-227. doi: 10.1080/09540120701561288.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the unique contribution of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility to the formation of intentions to use male condoms during vaginal sex. Data were collected from 402 male and 157 female heterosexual African American crack cocaine smokers in Houston, Texas, US. Two structural equation models of the intention to use a condom with the last sex partner were estimated. One model included measures of condom-use attitudes, subjective norms and condom-use self-efficacy. A second model included these three measures and a fourth measure of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility. Separate models were estimated for men and women. The addition of a personal norm of condom-use responsibility provided a significantly better fit to the data than did models including only outcome expectations, subjective norms and self-efficacy. Results also showed distinctly different underlying cognitive structures of condom-use intention for men and women. A personal norm of condom-use responsibility had a strong direct effect on men's intentions to use condoms with the last sex partner. Other variables appeared to have no direct effect on men's intentions. Women's intentions were strongly influenced by a personal norm and social subjective norms. Situational self-efficacy and outcome expectations had weaker, yet significant, effects on women's intentions. Given the strong effect of personal norms on men's intentions to use condoms, further research should be undertaken.
本研究的目的是调查使用避孕套责任的个人规范对在阴道性交时使用男用避孕套意图形成的独特贡献。数据收集自美国得克萨斯州休斯顿的402名男性和157名女性异性恋非裔美国可卡因吸食者。估计了两个关于与最后一次性伴侣使用避孕套意图的结构方程模型。一个模型包括使用避孕套态度、主观规范和使用避孕套自我效能的测量。第二个模型包括这三个测量以及使用避孕套责任个人规范的第四个测量。分别为男性和女性估计模型。与仅包括结果期望、主观规范和自我效能的模型相比，增加使用避孕套责任个人规范能显著更好地拟合数据。结果还表明，男性和女性使用避孕套意图的潜在认知结构明显不同。使用避孕套责任个人规范对男性与最后一次性伴侣使用避孕套的意图有很强的直接影响。其他变量似乎对男性意图没有直接影响。女性的意图受到个人规范和社会主观规范的强烈影响。情境自我效能和结果期望对女性意图的影响较弱，但也很显著。鉴于个人规范对男性使用避孕套意图的强烈影响，应进行进一步研究。
