Rhett J Matthew, Ghatnekar Gautam S, Palatinus Joseph A, O'Quinn Michael, Yost Michael J, Gourdie Robert G
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2008 Apr;26(4):173-80. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2007.12.007. Epub 2008 Mar 4.
Fibrotic scars deposited during skin wound healing can cause disfiguration and loss of dermal function. Scar differentiation involves inputs from multiple cell types in a predictable and overlapping sequence of cellular events that includes inflammation, migration/proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition. Research into the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes in embryonic and adult wounds has contributed to the development of a growing number of novel therapeutic approaches for improving scar appearance. This review discusses some of these emerging strategies for shifting the balance of healing from scarring to regeneration in the context of non-pathological wounds. Particular focus is given to potential therapies based on transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling and recent unexpected findings involving targeting of gap junctional connexins. Lessons learned in promoting scarless healing of cutaneous injuries might provide a basis for regenerative healing in other scenarios, such as spinal cord rupture or myocardial infarction.
皮肤伤口愈合过程中形成的纤维化瘢痕会导致容貌毁损和皮肤功能丧失。瘢痕分化涉及多种细胞类型的参与,这些细胞事件按可预测且相互重叠的顺序发生,包括炎症、迁移/增殖以及细胞外基质沉积。对胚胎和成人伤口中这些过程的分子机制的研究,推动了越来越多改善瘢痕外观的新型治疗方法的开发。本综述讨论了一些在非病理性伤口情况下,将愈合平衡从瘢痕形成转变为再生的新兴策略。特别关注基于转化生长因子(TGF)-β信号传导的潜在疗法,以及最近涉及靶向缝隙连接蛋白的意外发现。在促进皮肤损伤无瘢痕愈合方面获得的经验教训,可能为其他情况(如脊髓损伤或心肌梗死)的再生愈合提供基础。