Wong Joyce W, Gallant-Behm Corrie, Wiebe Colin, Mak Karen, Hart David A, Larjava Hannu, Häkkinen Lari
Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Wound Repair Regen. 2009 Sep-Oct;17(5):717-29. doi: 10.1111/j.1524-475X.2009.00531.x.
Scar formation is a common, unwanted result of wound healing in skin, but the mechanisms that regulate it are still largely unknown. Interestingly, wound healing in the oral mucosa proceeds faster than in skin and clinical observations have suggested that mucosal wounds rarely scar. To test this concept, we created identical experimental wounds in the oral mucosa and skin in red Duroc pigs and compared wound healing and scar development over time. We also compared the pig oral mucosal wound healing to similar experimental wounds created in human subjects. The findings showed significantly reduced scar formation at both clinical and histological level in the pig oral mucosa as compared with skin 49 days after wounding. Additionally, the skin scars contained a significantly increased number of type I procollagen immunopositive cells and an increased fibronectin content, while the oral mucosal wounds demonstrated a prolonged accumulation of tenascin-C. Furthermore, the pig oral mucosal wounds showed similar molecular composition and clinical and histological scar scores to human oral mucosal wounds. Thus, the reduced scar formation in the pig oral mucosa provides a model to study the biological processes that regulate scarless wound healing to find novel approaches to prevent scar formation in skin.
瘢痕形成是皮肤伤口愈合常见的不良后果，但其调控机制仍大多未知。有趣的是，口腔黏膜的伤口愈合比皮肤更快，临床观察表明黏膜伤口很少形成瘢痕。为验证这一概念，我们在红色杜洛克猪的口腔黏膜和皮肤制造了相同的实验性伤口，并比较了不同时间的伤口愈合及瘢痕形成情况。我们还将猪口腔黏膜伤口愈合情况与在人类受试者身上制造的类似实验性伤口进行了比较。研究结果显示，受伤49天后，与皮肤相比，猪口腔黏膜在临床和组织学水平上瘢痕形成均显著减少。此外，皮肤瘢痕中I型前胶原免疫阳性细胞数量显著增加，纤连蛋白含量升高，而口腔黏膜伤口中肌腱蛋白-C的积累时间延长。此外，猪口腔黏膜伤口在分子组成、临床和组织学瘢痕评分方面与人类口腔黏膜伤口相似。因此，猪口腔黏膜瘢痕形成减少为研究调控无瘢痕伤口愈合的生物学过程提供了一个模型，以寻找预防皮肤瘢痕形成的新方法。
