Priskin Katalin, Tömöry Gyöngyvér, Bogácsi-Szabó Erika, Csányi Bernadett, Raskó I
Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
Acta Biol Hung. 2007;58 Suppl:131-7. doi: 10.1556/ABiol.58.2007.Suppl.10.
Bos primigenius, the wild aurochs is believed to be the ancestor of European domestic cattle, Bos taurus. The geography and climate of the Great Hungarian Plain were well suited for these large grazing animals in the Late Neolithic. Till now, there are just a few aurochs mtDNA fragments available from two geographically restricted area, the British Isles and Italy. To increase our knowledge about the genetics of the European aurochsen livestock, and to investigate the phylogenetic position of a late Neolithic aurochs, excavated from the Carpathian Basin, mitochondrial DNA was extracted from a fragment of corpus mandibulae using ancient-DNA techniques and a portion of mitochondrial hypervariable region was amplified by PCR. The resulting sequence was aligned with GenBank sequences of 11 aurochsen. Our new sequence is identical with the sequence of two British aurochs. The 6000-year-old Hungarian aurochs shows a mtDNA sequence pattern, that occurs only among 6-12,000-year-old North European aurochsen, and it does not occur among modern, domesticated cattle.
原牛（Bos primigenius）被认为是欧洲家牛（Bos taurus）的祖先。匈牙利大平原的地理和气候条件在新石器时代晚期非常适合这些大型食草动物生存。到目前为止，仅从两个地理区域有限的地方，即不列颠群岛和意大利，获得了少量原牛的线粒体DNA片段。为了增加我们对欧洲原牛遗传信息的了解，并研究从喀尔巴阡盆地发掘出的新石器时代晚期原牛的系统发育位置，我们使用古DNA技术从一块下颌骨碎片中提取了线粒体DNA，并通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增了线粒体高变区的一部分。将得到的序列与11头原牛的基因库序列进行比对。我们的新序列与两头英国原牛的序列相同。这头有6000年历史的匈牙利原牛显示出一种线粒体DNA序列模式，这种模式仅出现在6000 - 12000年前的北欧原牛中，而在现代家养牛中不存在。
