Brouard Cécile, Bernillon Pascale, Quatresous Isabelle, Pillonel Josiane, Assal Azzedine, De Valk Henriette, Desenclos Jean-Claude
The Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) (French Institute of Public Health Surveillance), Saint-Maurice, France.
Transfusion. 2008 Jul;48(7):1333-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2008.01646.x. Epub 2008 Feb 22.
Between 2005 and 2007, Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) caused a massive epidemic on Reunion Island with a major peak in the number of cases in February 2006. Blood donation was interrupted on the island in January 2006.
Estimates of the mean risk of viremic blood donation on Reunion Island were computed for different phases of the epidemic. Calculations used CHIKV incidence estimates derived from sentinel surveillance, duration of viremia, and frequency of asymptomatic infection. Data on these two last parameters were initially based on hypotheses and subsequently obtained from studies carried out during the outbreak. The estimated risk was compared to the results of CHIKV nucleic acid testing (NAT) implemented for platelet (PLT) donations screening.
Over the course of the outbreak, the mean risk was estimated at 132 per 100,000 donations. The risk peaked at 1,500 per 100,000 donations at the height of the outbreak in February 2006. In total, 47 blood donations would have been potentially viremic if blood collection had not been interrupted. During this period, an estimated 312,500 of 757,000 inhabitants had been infected by mosquito-borne transmission. From January to May 2006, the estimated mean risk (0.7%) and observed risk on PLT donations (0.4%) were of the same order of magnitude.
During this large outbreak, the estimated risk of viremic blood donation was high, but low compared to the risk of mosquito-borne CHIKV transmission. The estimated risk was corroborated by the concordant results with the observed risk.
2005年至2007年间，基孔肯雅病毒（CHIKV）在留尼汪岛引发了大规模疫情，2006年2月病例数达到主要峰值。该岛于2006年1月中断了献血。
针对疫情的不同阶段，计算了留尼汪岛病毒血症献血的平均风险估计值。计算使用了来自哨点监测的CHIKV发病率估计值、病毒血症持续时间和无症状感染频率。后两个参数的数据最初基于假设，随后从疫情期间开展的研究中获得。将估计风险与为血小板（PLT）捐献筛查实施的CHIKV核酸检测（NAT）结果进行比较。
在疫情期间，平均风险估计为每100,000次捐献中有132次。在2006年2月疫情高峰期，风险达到每100,000次捐献中有1500次。如果没有中断采血，总共会有47次献血可能存在病毒血症。在此期间，估计757,000名居民中有312,500人通过蚊媒传播感染。2006年1月至5月，PLT捐献的估计平均风险（0.7%）和观察到的风险（0.4%）处于同一数量级。
在这次大规模疫情期间，病毒血症献血的估计风险很高，但与蚊媒传播CHIKV的风险相比很低。估计风险与观察到的风险结果一致，得到了证实。
