Ko G T C, Chan J C N
Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, The Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China.
Obes Rev. 2008 Mar;9 Suppl 1:35-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2007.00436.x.
There is now a pandemic of chronic diseases in Asian countries, driven mainly by obesity, diabetes and cardio-renal complications. In Hong Kong, the reported prevalence of obesity, defined as body mass index (BMI) > or = 25 kg m(-2), varied from one-quarter to one-third of the population. In a population-based survey conducted in 1995, 16.7% of Hong Kong adults had the metabolic syndrome (MES) (National Cholesterol Education Programme criterion). Obesity is now a global concern not only in adults but also among children and adolescents. In 2003, a territory-wide survey in Hong Kong reported the prevalence of central obesity and MES to be 9.0% and 2.4%, respectively, in Chinese adolescents. Overweight, positive family history of diabetes and studying at schools of lower academic grading were independent risk factors for the adolescent MES. Lifestyle modification with proper diet and exercise is essential for health protection. In accord with western data, a weight management programme in Hong Kong Chinese with a 4-6% reduction in body weight or waist circumference was associated with significant reductions in all cardiovascular risk factors. Psychosocial factors related to chronic diseases are also of growing concern. In Hong Kong Chinese, increasing BMI was associated with a lower number of sleeping hours and increasing working hours, suggesting an intimate relationship between physical health and psychosocial stress. Chronic non-communicable diseases are therefore major health threats in Hong Kong, with obesity as one of the major risk factors. A multidimensional and multidisciplinary health promotion and disease management plan is urgently needed to control these epidemics.
目前，亚洲国家正流行慢性疾病，主要由肥胖、糖尿病和心肾并发症引发。在香港，据报告肥胖（定义为体重指数（BMI）≥25 kg/m²）的患病率在人口的四分之一至三分之一之间。在1995年进行的一项基于人群的调查中，16.7%的香港成年人患有代谢综合征（MES）（根据美国国家胆固醇教育计划标准）。肥胖如今不仅是成年人面临的全球性问题，在儿童和青少年中也是如此。2003年，香港一项全地区性调查显示，中国青少年的中心性肥胖患病率和MES患病率分别为9.0%和2.4%。超重、糖尿病家族史阳性以及在学术评级较低的学校就读是青少年患MES的独立危险因素。通过适当饮食和运动来改变生活方式对健康保护至关重要。与西方数据一致，香港华人的体重管理计划若能使体重或腰围降低4 - 6%，则所有心血管危险因素都会显著降低。与慢性疾病相关的社会心理因素也日益受到关注。在香港华人中，BMI的增加与睡眠时间减少和工作时间增加有关，这表明身体健康与社会心理压力之间存在密切关系。因此，慢性非传染性疾病是香港主要的健康威胁，肥胖是主要危险因素之一。迫切需要一个多维度、多学科的健康促进和疾病管理计划来控制这些流行病。
