Leggett A J
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Science. 2008 Feb 29;319(5867):1203-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1152822.
Quantum liquids are systems in which not only the effects of quantum mechanics but also those of the characteristic indistinguishability of elementary particles are important. The most spectacular of these are the systems of bosons (liquid 4He, the Bose alkali gases), which undergo the phenomenon of Bose condensation, and the fermion systems (liquid 3He, the electrons in some metals), which display the related phenomenon of Cooper pairing. I discuss these phenomena and the relation between them.
量子液体是这样一种系统，其中不仅量子力学效应，而且基本粒子特有的不可区分性效应都很重要。其中最引人注目的是玻色子系统（液氦4、玻色碱金属气体），它们会发生玻色凝聚现象，以及费米子系统（液氦3、某些金属中的电子），它们表现出相关的库珀对现象。我将讨论这些现象以及它们之间的关系。
