Dowling Terence
Nutr Health. 2007;19(1-2):81-4. doi: 10.1177/026010600701900211.
The health of future generations, both physical and psychological, depends upon good parental and early environment, free particularly from malnutrition, toxins and undue stress. Education about these negative influences is urgent, especially to encourage childbearing women in a healthy diet and lifestyle. The detrimental effects of cigarette smoking in pregnancy have been known since the 1970s, yet in Germany, for example, 60% of all children are conceived, carried, born into a household where at least one adult smokes. Even if the father desists from smoking at home, the nicotine in his body tissues is transmitted to anyone near him, for example his wife when they sleep near each other. More than one glass of beer, wine or spirits per week during the pregnancy can be detected at birth. Alcohol in early in the pregnancy--just when many mothers are unaware they are pregnant--an produce significant physical malformation, especially in the face. Prenatal exposure to alcohol has signilfcant effects on the intelligence and behaviour of the child. Many of these children are very restless. Even slight amounts of poisoning during the pregnancy are related to the development of a negative self-image and the compensatory behaviour of the Narcissistic Personality Disorder in later life. The Prenatal Deprivation and Poisoning Syndromes have not only been related to heart disease and eating disorders in the area of general health but also in the area of psychological health to the Borderline Personality Disorder. Undue stress of any kind during the pregnancy leads to problems for the developing child.
后代的身心健康取决于良好的父母养育和早期环境,尤其要避免营养不良、接触毒素和过度压力。关于这些负面影响的教育刻不容缓,特别是要鼓励育龄妇女保持健康的饮食和生活方式。自20世纪70年代以来,人们就已经知道孕期吸烟的有害影响,但例如在德国,所有孩子中有60%是在至少有一名成年人吸烟的家庭中受孕、怀胎直至出生的。即使父亲在家中戒烟,他身体组织中的尼古丁也会传播给身边的任何人,比如当他和妻子睡觉时彼此靠近,尼古丁就会传给妻子。孕期每周饮用超过一杯啤酒、葡萄酒或烈酒,在孩子出生时就能检测出来。怀孕早期饮酒——就在许多母亲还未意识到自己怀孕的时候——会导致严重的身体畸形,尤其是面部畸形。孕期接触酒精对孩子的智力和行为有重大影响。许多这样的孩子非常躁动不安。孕期即使是轻微的中毒也与负面自我形象的形成以及日后自恋型人格障碍的补偿行为有关。产前剥夺和中毒综合征不仅与总体健康领域的心脏病和饮食失调有关,在心理健康领域还与边缘型人格障碍有关。孕期任何形式的过度压力都会给发育中的孩子带来问题。