White Melanie, McManus Freda, Ehlers Anke
Lowestoft Community Mental Health Team, Norfolk & Waverley NHS Foundation Trust, Victoria House, 28 Alexandra Road, Lowestoft, UK.
J Anxiety Disord. 2008 Oct;22(7):1244-54. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 11.
This study compared estimations of the probability and cost of negative events occurring made by patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (n=43), patients with other anxiety disorders (n=29) and non-patients' (n=35). Prior to treatment PTSD patients overestimated the probability and cost of all types of traumatic events occurring relative to non-patients, and overestimated the probability and cost of the specific type of traumatic event that they had been traumatized by relative to the anxious controls as well as non-patients. These judgment biases were specific to traumatic events and did not generalise to all negative events. PTSD patients' estimations of the probability and cost of traumatic events were significantly reduced following treatment, and were no longer significantly different from those of non-patients. Results suggest that patients with PTSD show specific judgment biases in the estimation of probability and cost, which can be successfully modified by cognitive therapy.
本研究比较了创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）患者（n = 43）、其他焦虑症患者（n = 29）和非患者（n = 35）对负面事件发生概率和成本的估计。在治疗前，PTSD患者相对于非患者高估了所有类型创伤事件发生的概率和成本，并且相对于焦虑症对照组以及非患者，高估了他们曾遭受创伤的特定类型创伤事件的概率和成本。这些判断偏差特定于创伤事件，并未推广到所有负面事件。PTSD患者对创伤事件概率和成本的估计在治疗后显著降低，并且与非患者的估计不再有显著差异。结果表明，PTSD患者在概率和成本估计方面表现出特定的判断偏差，认知疗法可以成功地对其进行修正。
