Lee V M, Linden R W
Biomedical Sciences Division, King's College, London.
Exp Physiol. 1991 May;76(3):347-55. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.1991.sp003502.
It is commonly stated that smell elicits a parotid salivary reflex in humans. However, this assumption seems to be supported only by experiments in which either a lemon or an irritating odour has been used as the primary stimulus. In this study six pleasant odours, chocolate, vanilla, peppermint, beef, tomato and lemon, were administered to ten subjects. Air was passed through a solution of the stimulant and the resultant odour was administered to the subject via a face mask. Unilateral parotid saliva was collected via a Lashley cup and salivary flow was measured using an instantaneous flowmeter sensitive to flows as low as 0.008 ml min-1. Citric acid, lemon juice, chocolate and distilled water were also delivered to the subjects at increasing concentrations. At low concentrations none of these stimuli significantly increased the parotid salivary flow above resting levels. However, an increase in salivary flow was seen when lemon juice or odourless citric acid was sniffed or delivered to the subject at high concentrations, causing irritation in the nasal cavity and/or the back of the throat. Our results suggest that there is no true olfactory-parotid salivary reflex in humans, and that acidic stimuli can cause irritation with a concomitant increase in the salivary flow.
人们通常认为，嗅觉会引发人类的腮腺唾液反射。然而，这一假设似乎仅得到了一些实验的支持，在这些实验中，柠檬或刺激性气味被用作主要刺激物。在本研究中，对10名受试者施用了六种宜人的气味，即巧克力味、香草味、薄荷味、牛肉味、番茄味和柠檬味。空气通过刺激物溶液，产生的气味通过面罩施用于受试者。通过拉什利杯收集单侧腮腺唾液，并使用对低至0.008毫升/分钟的流量敏感的瞬时流量计测量唾液流量。还以递增浓度向受试者递送柠檬酸、柠檬汁、巧克力和蒸馏水。在低浓度下，这些刺激物均未使腮腺唾液流量显著高于静息水平。然而，当受试者嗅闻柠檬汁或无味柠檬酸或以高浓度递送时，会出现唾液流量增加，这会引起鼻腔和/或咽喉后部的刺激。我们的结果表明，人类不存在真正的嗅觉-腮腺唾液反射，酸性刺激物可引起刺激并伴随唾液流量增加。
