Henkin Robert Irwin, Velicu I
Center for Molecular Nutrition and Sensory Disorders, The Taste and Smell Clinic, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
Metabolism. 2009 Dec;58(12):1717-23. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.05.027. Epub 2009 Jul 23.
Parotid salivary levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) have been previously demonstrated to be lower than normal in patients with taste and smell dysfunction. To define these results more fully, we analyzed parotid salivary levels of cAMP and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) with respect to severity of smell loss in these patients. Smell loss severity was defined by psychophysical measurements of olfactory function and classified into 4 types from most severe to least severe loss. This resulted in patients exhibiting, in order of loss severity (from greatest to least), anosmia > type I hyposmia > type II hyposmia > type III hyposmia. Parotid saliva cAMP and cGMP were measured independently using a sensitive spectrophotometric 96-plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique; mean levels were categorized by clinical classification of loss severity. As smell loss severity decreased, salivary cAMP and cGMP levels increased consistently with each stepwise change of clinical loss severity. This is the first demonstration of biochemical changes in saliva associated with a quantitative classification of smell loss. These results reflect a biochemical method to identify and classify patients with smell loss in some respects similar to initial typing of serum lipid levels to assist in risk classification of patients with cardiovascular disease.
先前已证明，味觉和嗅觉功能障碍患者的腮腺唾液中，环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）水平低于正常水平。为了更全面地明确这些结果，我们针对这些患者嗅觉丧失的严重程度，分析了腮腺唾液中cAMP和环磷酸鸟苷（cGMP）的水平。嗅觉丧失的严重程度通过嗅觉功能的心理物理学测量来定义，并从最严重到最轻微丧失分为4种类型。这使得患者按照丧失严重程度（从最严重到最轻微）依次表现为嗅觉缺失>Ⅰ型嗅觉减退>Ⅱ型嗅觉减退>Ⅲ型嗅觉减退。使用灵敏的分光光度96孔酶联免疫吸附测定技术独立测量腮腺唾液中的cAMP和cGMP；平均水平根据丧失严重程度的临床分类进行划分。随着嗅觉丧失严重程度降低，唾液中cAMP和cGMP水平随着临床丧失严重程度的每一步变化而持续升高。这是首次证明唾液中的生化变化与嗅觉丧失的定量分类相关。这些结果反映了一种生化方法，可在某些方面识别和分类嗅觉丧失患者，类似于最初对血脂水平进行分型以协助对心血管疾病患者进行风险分类。
