Kjaer Henrik Fomsgaard, Eller Esben, Høst Arne, Andersen Klaus Ejner, Bindslev-Jensen Carsten
Department of Dermatology, Odense University Hospital, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2008 Dec;19(8):737-45. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2008.00733.x. Epub 2008 Mar 3.
This study determines the prevalence of atopic dermatitis, asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, food hypersensitivity and urticaria and the frequency of sensitization in children with and without clinical allergic disease. In an ongoing prospective non-interventional birth cohort study of 562 unselected children, 404 children were subjected to interview, clinical examination, lung function measurements and allergy testing at 6 yr of age. Sensitization measured by skin prick test (SPT) and specific immunoglobulin E (S-IgE) was determined for 24 different allergens. The 1-yr period prevalence of atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis was 14.4%, 6.2% and 13.6%. 25.7% of the children suffered from at least one of the three diseases. The frequency of sensitization in children with no disease (controls), any allergic disease, atopic dermatitis, asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis was 17%, 45%, 47%, 56% and 55% (defined as SPT >or=3 mm and/or S-IgE >or=0.35 kU/l for at least one allergen). Symptoms were linked to sensitization for 44% in the asthma group and 42% in the rhinoconjunctivitis group, whereas sensitization could not be linked to worsening of the eczema in any cases of atopic dermatitis. Overlap between the three diseases was significantly more frequent in sensitized children than in non-sensitized (19/46 = 41% vs. 9/58 = 16%, p = 0.004). The prevalence of food hypersensitivity and urticaria was 1.2% and 5.4% respectively. In unselected 6 yr old children, approximately half of the children with atopic dermatitis, asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis are IgE-sensitized. Sensitization tends to link these diseases to each other.
本研究确定了特应性皮炎、哮喘、鼻结膜炎、食物过敏和荨麻疹的患病率，以及有无临床过敏性疾病儿童的致敏频率。在一项正在进行的对562名未经筛选儿童的前瞻性非干预性出生队列研究中，404名儿童在6岁时接受了访谈、临床检查、肺功能测量和过敏测试。通过皮肤点刺试验（SPT）和特异性免疫球蛋白E（S-IgE）测定了24种不同过敏原的致敏情况。特应性皮炎、哮喘和鼻结膜炎的1年期患病率分别为14.4%、6.2%和13.6%。25.7%的儿童患有这三种疾病中的至少一种。无疾病（对照组）、任何过敏性疾病、特应性皮炎、哮喘和鼻结膜炎儿童的致敏频率分别为17%、45%、47%、56%和55%（定义为至少一种过敏原的SPT≥3mm和/或S-IgE≥0.35kU/l）。哮喘组中44%的症状与致敏有关，鼻结膜炎组中42%的症状与致敏有关，而在任何特应性皮炎病例中，致敏均与湿疹加重无关。致敏儿童中这三种疾病的重叠明显比未致敏儿童更频繁（19/46 = 41%对9/58 = 16%，p = 0.004）。食物过敏和荨麻疹的患病率分别为1.2%和5.4%。在未经筛选的6岁儿童中，约一半患有特应性皮炎、哮喘或鼻结膜炎的儿童是IgE致敏的。致敏倾向于将这些疾病相互联系起来。
