Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Allergy. 2023 Feb;78(2):351-368. doi: 10.1111/all.15560. Epub 2022 Nov 7.
Food allergy (FA) is increasingly reported in Europe, however, the latest prevalence estimates were based on studies published a decade ago. The present work provides the most updated estimates of the prevalence and trends of FA in Europe. Databases were searched for studies published between 2012 and 2021, added to studies published up to 2012. In total, 110 studies were included in this update. Most studies were graded as moderate risk of bias. Pooled lifetime and point prevalence of self-reported FA were 19.9% (95% CI 16.6-23.3) and 13.1% (95% CI 11.3-14.8), respectively. The point prevalence of sensitization based on specific IgE (slgE) was 16.6% (95% CI 12.3-20.8), skin prick test (SPT) 5.7% (95% CI 3.9-7.4), and positive food challenge 0.8% (95% CI 0.5-0.9). While lifetime prevalence of self-reported FA and food challenge positivity only slightly changed, the point prevalence of self-reported FA, sIgE and SPT positivity increased from previous estimates. This may reflect a real increase, increased awareness, increased number of foods assessed, or increased number of studies from countries with less data in the first review. Future studies require rigorous designs and implementation of standardized methodology in diagnosing FA, including use of double-blinded placebo-controlled food challenge to minimize potential biases.
食物过敏(FA)在欧洲的报告越来越多,但最新的流行率估计是基于十年前发表的研究。本研究提供了欧洲 FA 流行率和趋势的最新估计。检索了 2012 年至 2021 年发表的研究数据库,并补充了截至 2012 年发表的研究。本更新共纳入 110 项研究。大多数研究的偏倚风险被评为中度。自我报告的 FA 的终生和时点患病率分别为 19.9%(95%CI 16.6-23.3)和 13.1%(95%CI 11.3-14.8)。基于特异性 IgE(slgE)的致敏时点患病率为 16.6%(95%CI 12.3-20.8),皮肤点刺试验(SPT)为 5.7%(95%CI 3.9-7.4),阳性食物挑战为 0.8%(95%CI 0.5-0.9)。虽然自我报告的 FA 的终生患病率和食物挑战阳性率仅略有变化,但自我报告的 FA、slgE 和 SPT 阳性率从以前的估计值增加。这可能反映了真实的增加、认识的提高、评估的食物种类的增加,或在第一次审查中数据较少的国家的研究数量的增加。未来的研究需要在诊断 FA 方面采用严格的设计和实施标准化方法,包括使用双盲安慰剂对照食物挑战,以最小化潜在的偏倚。
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