Luo Cheng, Wang Kou, Liu De Quan, Li Yan, Zhao Qin Shi
State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650204, China.
Cell Mol Immunol. 2008 Feb;5(1):1-7. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2008.1.
The first appearance of lipid rafts, or lipid rafts-like structure, was occasionally observed by cryo-electronic microscopy in 1980s as cavity, such as caveolae. However, the fully understanding of lipid raft was attributed by the studies of T cell activation, virus entry/budding, and other membrane events. During the interaction of T cell and antigen presenting cell, a highly organized structure is formed at the interface of the two cells, where cholesterol and sphingolipids are enriched, and form a liquid ordered phase that facilitates the signaling proteins on and off. Lipid rafts are also involved in virus entry and assembly. In this review, we will discuss cholesterol-sphingolipid floating microdomain, the lipid raft as a unique compartment of the plasma membrane, with biological functions that ensure correct intracellular traffic of proteins and lipids, such as protein-protein interactions by concentrating certain proteins in these microdomains, while excluding others. We also discuss the disruption of lipid rafts is related to different diseases and aging, and we especially exploit the lipid rafts as pharmaceutical targets for anti-virus and anti-inflammation, particularly a new approach to control HIV infection for AIDS prevention and protection by inhibition or disruption of lipid rafts.
20世纪80年代，通过冷冻电子显微镜偶尔观察到脂质筏或脂质筏样结构首次出现，呈小窝状，如小凹。然而，对脂质筏的全面理解归功于对T细胞活化、病毒进入/出芽及其他膜相关事件的研究。在T细胞与抗原呈递细胞相互作用期间，在两个细胞的界面处形成一种高度有序的结构，此处胆固醇和鞘脂富集，并形成促进信号蛋白开启和关闭的液相有序相。脂质筏也参与病毒的进入和组装。在本综述中，我们将讨论胆固醇-鞘脂漂浮微结构域，即作为质膜独特区室的脂质筏，其生物学功能可确保蛋白质和脂质在细胞内的正确运输，比如通过在这些微结构域中聚集某些蛋白质而排除其他蛋白质来实现蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。我们还将讨论脂质筏的破坏与不同疾病和衰老的关系，并且特别探讨将脂质筏作为抗病毒和抗炎的药物靶点，尤其是通过抑制或破坏脂质筏来控制HIV感染以预防和保护艾滋病的一种新方法。
