Dias Pedro Américo D, Rodríguez Luna Ernesto, Canales Espinosa Domingo
Instituto de Neuroetología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México.
Am J Primatol. 2008 Jul;70(7):621-8. doi: 10.1002/ajp.20535.
Nonhuman primates use greeting behaviors as nonaggressive communicatory signals in multiple social contexts. Adult male mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) perform a ritual greeting that has been associated with bond-strengthening functions. The aim of this study is to explore the greeting patterns of male howlers living on Agaltepec Island, Mexico. Specifically, we analyzed the relationships between greetings and several individual, relational, and contextual variables, such as the expression of affiliation and agonism, dominance rank, age, kinship relationships, spatial organization, activity patterns, and subgrouping patterns. Greetings were more frequent between males with closer dominance ranks. Among those dyads that greeted at least once, dominant males initiated greetings more frequently than less-dominant males. On the other hand, more greetings were observed when one of the participants had recently returned to a subgroup and during locomotion. On the basis of these results, we propose that on Agaltepec greetings are a conflict management mechanism used between males of similar ranks. The fission-fusion social system of this group of howlers allows males with conflicting interests to remain separated, and greetings may reduce tension during fusion events.
非人灵长类动物在多种社会情境中使用问候行为作为非攻击性的交流信号。成年雄性鬃毛吼猴（Alouatta palliata）会进行一种与加强联系功能相关的仪式性问候。本研究的目的是探索生活在墨西哥阿加尔泰佩克岛的雄性吼猴的问候模式。具体而言，我们分析了问候与几个个体、关系和情境变量之间的关系，如亲和与争斗的表现、优势等级、年龄、亲属关系、空间组织、活动模式和亚组模式。优势等级越接近的雄性之间问候更频繁。在至少问候过一次的二元组中，优势雄性比劣势雄性更频繁地发起问候。另一方面，当其中一名参与者最近回到一个亚组时以及在移动过程中，观察到的问候更多。基于这些结果，我们提出在阿加尔泰佩克岛，问候是类似等级雄性之间使用的一种冲突管理机制。这群吼猴的裂变融合社会系统允许利益冲突的雄性保持分离，而问候可能会减少融合事件期间的紧张情绪。
