Ujfalussy Dorottya Júlia, Kurys Anita, Kubinyi Enikő, Gácsi Márta, Virányi Zsófia
Department of Ethology, Eötvös Loránd University of Sciences (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Nature Conservation, Kaposvár University, Kaposvár, Hungary.
R Soc Open Sci. 2017 Jun 28;4(6):160956. doi: 10.1098/rsos.160956. eCollection 2017 Jun.
Socialized wolves' relationship with humans is a much debated, but important question in light of dog domestication. Earlier findings reported no attachment to the caretaker at four months of age in a Strange Situation Test, while recently attachment to the caretaker was reported at a few weeks of age in a similar paradigm. To explore wolf-human relationship, we analysed behaviours of hand reared, extensively socialized wolves towards four visitor types: foster-parents, close acquaintances, persons met once before, and complete strangers during a greeting episode. As hypothesized, in the greeting context subjects showed more intense and friendly behaviour towards foster-parents, than other visitor types, which may reflect familiarity and affinity. However, differences were more pronounced in the group situation (at six months of age) than in the individual situation (at 12 and 24 months), suggesting that unique status of foster parents may become less distinct as wolves get older, while exploration of novel social agents is expressed more with older age. Fear related behaviour patterns were only found in the individual situation, mainly displayed towards strangers. We showed that, in case of extensively socialized wolves, distinctive affiliation and affinity towards the foster parent prevails into adulthood.
鉴于狗的驯化，社会化狼与人类的关系是一个备受争议但很重要的问题。早期研究结果表明，在陌生情境测试中，四个月大的狼对照顾者没有依恋之情，而最近在类似范式中发现，几周大的狼就对照顾者有依恋。为了探究狼与人类的关系，我们分析了人工饲养、高度社会化的狼在迎接过程中对四种访客类型的行为表现，这四种访客类型分别是养父母、亲密熟人、曾见过一次的人以及完全陌生的人。正如所假设的那样，在迎接情境中，与其他访客类型相比，实验对象对养父母表现出更强烈、更友好的行为，这可能反映了熟悉程度和亲密关系。然而，这种差异在群体情境（六个月大时）中比在个体情境（十二个月和二十四个月大时）中更为明显，这表明随着狼年龄的增长，养父母的独特地位可能会变得不那么显著，而对新社交对象的探索在年龄较大时表现得更为明显。与恐惧相关的行为模式只在个体情境中出现，主要是对陌生人表现出来。我们发现，对于高度社会化的狼来说，对养父母独特的归属感和亲密关系会持续到成年期。
