Roberts Jeffrey A, Andrews Kirk
Valley Biosystems, 1265 Triangle Court, West Sacramento, CA 95605, USA.
ILAR J. 2008;49(2):145-56. doi: 10.1093/ilar.49.2.145.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are imported to the United States for use in research, domestic breeding, and propagation of endangered populations in zoological gardens. During the past 60 years, individuals responsible for NHP importation programs have observed morbidity and mortality typically associated with infectious disease outbreaks. These outbreaks have included infectious agents such as tuberculosis, Herpesvirus sp., simian hemorrhagic fever, and filovirus infections such as the Ebola and Marburg viruses. Some outbreaks have affected both animal and human populations. These epizootics are attributable to a variety of factors, including increased population density, exposure of naïve populations to new infectious agents, and stress. The practice of quarantining animals arriving in the United States was first applied by individual research programs to improve animal health and ensure the quality of animals entering research programs. The development of government regulations for nonhuman primate quarantine accompanied the recognition that imported NHPs could pose a risk to public health. This article briefly reviews the history of US NHP importation and the factors behind the development of NHP quarantine regulations. The focus is on regulations concerned with infectious disease, public health, and the health of domestic primate colonies. These regulations have had the dual benefit of protecting public health as well as reducing animal morbidity and mortality during importation and quarantine. We review current practices and facilities for nonhuman primate quarantine and identify challenges for the future.
非人类灵长类动物（NHPs）被进口到美国用于研究、国内繁殖以及动物园中濒危种群的繁育。在过去60年里，负责非人类灵长类动物进口项目的人员观察到了通常与传染病暴发相关的发病率和死亡率。这些疫情包括结核病、疱疹病毒属、猴出血热以及埃博拉病毒和马尔堡病毒等丝状病毒感染等病原体。一些疫情同时影响了动物和人类群体。这些动物流行病可归因于多种因素，包括种群密度增加、未接触过病原体的群体接触新的感染源以及压力。美国对抵达的动物进行检疫的做法最初是由个别研究项目采用的，目的是改善动物健康状况并确保进入研究项目的动物质量。随着认识到进口的非人类灵长类动物可能对公众健康构成风险，政府针对非人类灵长类动物检疫的法规也随之制定。本文简要回顾了美国非人类灵长类动物进口的历史以及非人类灵长类动物检疫法规制定背后的因素。重点是与传染病、公共卫生以及国内灵长类动物群体健康相关的法规。这些法规具有双重益处，既保护了公众健康，又降低了进口和检疫期间动物的发病率和死亡率。我们回顾了当前非人类灵长类动物检疫的做法和设施，并确定了未来面临的挑战。
