Department of Veterinary Sciences, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Bastrop, Texas, USA.
Am J Primatol. 2012 Jun;74(6):518-27. doi: 10.1002/ajp.21001. Epub 2011 Sep 8.
In captive research environments for nonhuman primates (NHP), social housing strategies are often in conflict with protocols designed to minimize disease transmission. This is particularly true in breeding colonies, and is especially relevant when attempting to eliminate specific pathogens from a population of primates. Numerous strategies have been used to establish such specific pathogen free (SPF) breeding colonies (primarily of macaques), ranging from nursery rearing of neonates to single housing of socially reared yearlings to the rearing of infants in large social groups. All these strategies attempt to balance the effects of the chosen socialization strategy on parameters related to disease transmission, including the ultimate elimination of the target pathogens. Such strategies may affect the overall disease states of NHP breeding colonies through selective breeding processes. This can occur either by creating subpopulations of animals that do not have target diseases (SPF colonies), but may have other issues; or by creating situations in which the "best" animals are sold and the breeding colony is stocked with animals that may be more disease susceptible than those that were sold. The disease states of NHP research colonies also may be affected by selective utilization programs, in which animals removed from the breeding colony for health/behavior reasons, are preferentially chosen for use in scientific investigations. Such utilization criteria raise the question of whether ideal subjects are being chosen for use in research. Finally, captive primate colonies, where both socialization and disease states are intensely managed, may provide opportunities for those testing predictions from models of the interactions of socialization and disease transmission in the evolution of wild populations of NHP. This would be especially true for some extreme conditions of these disease ecology models, given the exceedingly high social densities and levels of pathogen control that exist in many captive nonhuman primate colonies.
在非人类灵长类动物（NHP）的圈养研究环境中，社会住房策略常常与旨在最大程度减少疾病传播的方案相冲突。这在繁殖群体中尤其如此，当试图从灵长类动物种群中消除特定病原体时尤其如此。已经使用了许多策略来建立这样的特定病原体清除（SPF）繁殖群体（主要是猕猴），从新生儿的托儿所饲养到社会饲养的幼仔的单独饲养，再到在大的社会群体中饲养婴儿。所有这些策略都试图平衡所选择的社会化策略对与疾病传播相关的参数的影响，包括最终消除目标病原体。这些策略可能会通过选择性繁殖过程影响 NHP 繁殖群体的整体疾病状态。这可能是通过创建没有目标疾病的动物亚群（SPF 群体）来实现的，但可能存在其他问题；或者通过创造“最佳”动物被出售，繁殖群体中饲养的动物比被出售的动物更容易患病的情况来实现。灵长类动物研究群体的疾病状态也可能受到选择性利用计划的影响，出于健康/行为原因从繁殖群体中移除的动物被优先选择用于科学研究。这种利用标准提出了一个问题，即是否正在为研究选择理想的对象。最后，在社会关系和疾病状态都受到严格管理的圈养灵长类动物群体中，为那些检验社会关系和疾病传播模型在 NHP 野生种群进化中的相互作用的预测提供了机会。对于这些疾病生态学模型的一些极端条件来说尤其如此，因为在许多圈养非人类灵长类动物群体中存在极高的社会密度和病原体控制水平。
