Avena Nicole M, Bocarsly Miriam E, Rada Pedro, Kim Agnes, Hoebel Bartley G
Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA.
Physiol Behav. 2008 Jun 9;94(3):309-15. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2008.01.008. Epub 2008 Jan 16.
Bingeing on sugar may activate neural pathways in a manner similar to taking drugs of abuse, resulting in related signs of dependence. The present experiments test whether rats that have been bingeing on sucrose and then fasted demonstrate signs of opiate-like withdrawal. Rats were maintained on 12-h deprivation followed by 12-h access to a 10% sucrose solution and chow for 28 days, then fasted for 36 h. These animals spent less time on the exposed arm of an elevated plus-maze compared with a similarly deprived ad libitum chow group, suggesting anxiety. Microdialysis revealed a concomitant increase in extracellular acetylcholine and decrease in dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell. These results did not appear to be due to hypoglycemia. The findings suggest that a diet of bingeing on sucrose and chow followed by fasting creates a state that involves anxiety and altered accumbens dopamine and acetylcholine balance. This is similar to the effects of naloxone, suggesting opiate-like withdrawal. This may be a factor in some eating disorders.
大量摄入糖分可能会以类似于滥用药物的方式激活神经通路，从而导致相关的依赖迹象。目前的实验测试了大量摄入蔗糖后再禁食的大鼠是否会表现出阿片样戒断症状。大鼠先被禁食12小时，然后给予12小时的10%蔗糖溶液和食物，持续28天，之后禁食36小时。与同样被剥夺食物但自由进食的对照组相比，这些动物在高架十字迷宫开放臂上停留的时间更短，表明存在焦虑情绪。微透析显示，伏隔核壳层细胞外乙酰胆碱增加，多巴胺释放减少。这些结果似乎并非由低血糖引起。研究结果表明，先大量摄入蔗糖和食物然后禁食的饮食方式会产生一种涉及焦虑以及伏隔核多巴胺和乙酰胆碱平衡改变的状态。这与纳洛酮的作用相似，表明存在阿片样戒断症状。这可能是某些饮食失调的一个因素。
