Uematsu Satoshi, Akira Shizuo
Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan.
Kekkaku. 2008 Feb;83(2):101-9.
The immune system is divided into innate and adaptive immunity. The innate immune system provides the first line of host defense against invading microorganisms before the development of adaptive immune responses. Innate immune responses are initiated by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize specific structures of microorganisms. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the family of pattern-recognition receptors to sense a wide range of microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses. Recognition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis components by TLRs triggers activation of signal transduction pathways, which then induces dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production, resulting in development of adaptive immunity. TLRs are critically involved in the induction of host defense to M. tuberculosis.
免疫系统分为固有免疫和适应性免疫。在适应性免疫反应产生之前，固有免疫系统为宿主抵御入侵微生物提供了第一道防线。固有免疫反应由种系编码的模式识别受体（PRR）启动，这些受体识别微生物的特定结构。Toll样受体（TLR）是模式识别受体家族之一，可感知多种微生物，如细菌、真菌、原生动物和病毒。TLR对结核分枝杆菌成分的识别触发信号转导通路的激活，进而诱导树突状细胞成熟和细胞因子产生，从而导致适应性免疫的发展。TLR在诱导宿主对结核分枝杆菌的防御中起关键作用。
