Uematsu Satoshi, Akira Shizuo
Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008(183):1-20. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-72167-3_1.
The innate immune system is an evolutionally conserved host defense mechanism against pathogens. Innate immune responses are initiated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize microbial components that are essential for the survival of the microorganism. PRRs are germline-encoded, nonclonal, and expressed constitutively in the host. Different PRRs react with specific ligands and lead to distinct antipathogen responses. Among them, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are capable of sensing organisms ranging from bacteria to fungi, protozoa, and viruses, and they play a major role in innate immunity. Here, we review the mechanism of pathogen recognition by TLRs.
固有免疫系统是一种针对病原体的进化保守的宿主防御机制。固有免疫反应由模式识别受体（PRR）启动，这些受体识别对微生物生存至关重要的微生物成分。PRR由种系编码，非克隆性，且在宿主体内组成性表达。不同的PRR与特定配体反应并导致不同的抗病原体反应。其中，Toll样受体（TLR）能够感知从细菌到真菌、原生动物和病毒等多种生物体，并且它们在固有免疫中发挥主要作用。在此，我们综述TLR识别病原体的机制。
