Influence of the sigmaB stress factor and yxaB, the gene for a putative exopolysaccharide synthase under sigmaB Control, on biofilm formation.

Bacillus subtilis forms structured communities of biofilms encased in an exopolysaccharide matrix on solid surfaces and at the air-liquid interface. It is postulated that nonoptimal growth conditions induce this multicellular behavior. We showed that under laboratory conditions a strain deleted for sigB was unable to form a floating pellicle on the surface of a liquid medium. However, overexpression of yxaB, encoding a putative exopolysaccharide synthase, from a p(Spac) promoter in a sigB-deleted strain resulted in partial recovery of the wild-type phenotype, indicating the participation of the YxaB protein in this multicellular process. We present data concerning the regulation of transcription of genes yxaB and yxaA, encoding a putative glycerate kinase. Both genes are cotranscribed as a single transcription unit from a sigma(A)-dependent promoter during vegetative growth of a liquid bacterial culture. The promoter driving transcription of the yxaAB operon is regulated by AbrB. In addition, the second gene in the operon, yxaB, possesses its own promoter, which is recognized by RNA polymerase containing the sigma(B) subunit. This transcription start site is used under general stress conditions, resulting in increased expression.