Pagès Marie, Calvignac Sébastien, Klein Catherine, Paris Mathilde, Hughes Sandrine, Hänni Catherine
Paléogénétique et Evolution Moléculaire, Université de Lyon, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, INRA, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2008 Apr;47(1):73-83. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2007.10.019. Epub 2007 Nov 5.
Despite numerous studies, questions remain about the evolutionary history of Ursidae and additional independent genetic markers were needed to elucidate these ambiguities. For this purpose, we sequenced ten nuclear genes for all the eight extant bear species. By combining these new sequences with those of four other recently published nuclear markers, we provide new insights into the phylogenetic relationships of the Ursidae family members. The hypothesis that the giant panda was the first species to diverge among ursids is definitively confirmed and the precise branching order within the Ursus genus is clarified for the first time. Moreover, our analyses indicate that the American and the Asiatic black bears do not cluster as sister taxa, as had been previously hypothesised. Sun and sloth bears clearly appear as the most basal ursine species but uncertainties about their exact relationships remain. Since our larger dataset did not enable us to clarify this last question, identifying rare genomic changes in bear genomes could be a promising solution for further studies.
尽管进行了大量研究，但关于熊科的进化历史仍存在疑问，需要更多独立的基因标记来阐明这些模糊之处。为此，我们对现存的八种熊类物种的十个核基因进行了测序。通过将这些新序列与其他四个最近发表的核标记序列相结合，我们对熊科家族成员的系统发育关系有了新的认识。大熊猫是熊科中第一个分化出来的物种这一假设得到了明确证实，并且首次阐明了熊属内部精确的分支顺序。此外，我们的分析表明，美洲黑熊和亚洲黑熊并不像之前假设的那样聚为姐妹类群。马来熊和懒熊显然是熊科中最原始的物种，但它们的确切关系仍存在不确定性。由于我们的更大数据集无法解决最后这个问题，识别熊基因组中的罕见基因变化可能是进一步研究的一个有前景的解决方案。
