Echeverría Sandra, Diez-Roux Ana V, Shea Steven, Borrell Luisa N, Jackson Sharon
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
Health Place. 2008 Dec;14(4):853-65. doi: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2008.01.004. Epub 2008 Jan 26.
Few studies have investigated the specific features implicated in neighborhood-health associations. We examined associations between measures of neighborhood problems and neighborhood social cohesion with depression, smoking, drinking, and walking for exercise in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort. Neighborhoods were characterized according to participant self-report and aggregated measures based on other MESA participants. Individuals living in the least problematic neighborhoods were significantly less likely to be depressed, to smoke, or to drink. Less socially cohesive neighborhoods were associated with increased depression, smoking, and not walking for exercise. Results persisted after adjusting for individual-level variables. Each measure appeared to capture distinct features of the neighborhood and associations did not differ by race/ethnicity. Results for neighborhood problems were robust to the use of aggregate measures but results for social cohesion generally were not. Future work should determine the health effect of modifying specific features of the neighborhood context.
很少有研究调查邻里与健康关联中所涉及的具体特征。我们在动脉粥样硬化多族裔研究（MESA）队列中，研究了邻里问题指标和邻里社会凝聚力与抑郁、吸烟、饮酒以及步行锻炼之间的关联。邻里特征根据参与者的自我报告以及基于其他MESA参与者的汇总指标来确定。生活在问题最少邻里的个体患抑郁症、吸烟或饮酒的可能性显著更低。社会凝聚力较低的邻里与抑郁症增加、吸烟以及不进行步行锻炼有关。在对个体层面变量进行调整后，结果依然成立。每项指标似乎都捕捉到了邻里的不同特征，且关联在种族/族裔方面并无差异。邻里问题的结果对于汇总指标的使用具有稳健性，但社会凝聚力的结果总体上并非如此。未来的工作应确定改变邻里环境特定特征对健康的影响。
