Makoae Lucia N, Greeff Minrie, Phetlhu René D, Uys Leana R, Naidoo Joanne R, Kohi Thecla W, Dlamini Priscilla S, Chirwa Maureen L, Holzemer William L
National University of Lesotho, South Africa.
J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2008 Mar-Apr;19(2):137-46. doi: 10.1016/j.jana.2007.11.004.
People living with HIV (PLWH) and their families are subjected to prejudice, discrimination, and hostility related to the stigmatization of AIDS. This report examines how PLWH cope with HIV-related stigma in the five southern African countries of Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Swaziland, and Tanzania. A descriptive qualitative research design was used to explore the experience of HIV-related stigma of PLWH and nurses in 2004. A total of 43 focus groups were conducted with 251 participants (114 nurses, 111 PLWH, and 26 volunteers). In describing incidents of stigma, respondents reported strategies used or observed to cope with those incidents. Nurse reports of coping strategies that they used as well as observed in HIV-infected patients were coded. Coping strategies used by PLWH in dealing with HIV-related stigma were coded. A total of 17 different self-care strategies were identified: restructuring, seeing oneself as OK, letting go, turning to God, hoping, changing behavior, keeping oneself active, using humor, joining a support or social group, disclosing one's HIV status, speaking to others with same problem, getting counseling, helping others to cope with the illness, educating others, learning from others, acquiring knowledge and understanding about the disease, and getting help from others. Coping appears to be self-taught and only modestly helpful in managing perceived stigma.
感染艾滋病毒的人（PLWH）及其家人遭受与艾滋病污名化相关的偏见、歧视和敌意。本报告探讨了莱索托、马拉维、南非、斯威士兰和坦桑尼亚这五个南部非洲国家的感染艾滋病毒的人如何应对与艾滋病毒相关的污名。2004年采用描述性定性研究设计来探究感染艾滋病毒的人和护士与艾滋病毒相关污名的经历。共进行了43个焦点小组讨论，有251名参与者（114名护士、111名感染艾滋病毒的人以及26名志愿者）。在描述污名事件时，受访者报告了他们使用或观察到的应对这些事件的策略。对护士报告的他们自己使用以及在艾滋病毒感染患者身上观察到的应对策略进行了编码。对感染艾滋病毒的人在应对与艾滋病毒相关污名时使用的应对策略进行了编码。总共确定了17种不同的自我护理策略：重新调整、视自己为正常、释怀、求助于上帝、抱有希望、改变行为、保持活跃、使用幽默、加入支持或社交团体、披露自己的艾滋病毒感染状况、与有相同问题的人交谈、寻求咨询、帮助他人应对疾病、教育他人、向他人学习、获取有关该疾病的知识和理解以及向他人求助。应对似乎是自学的，在应对感知到的污名方面帮助有限。
