Deglin S M, Deglin J M, Chung E K
Drugs. 1977 Jul;14(1):29-40. doi: 10.2165/00003495-197714010-00002.
A wide variety of drugs may be associated with serious cardiovascular toxicity. Toxicity due to drugs primarily used for treating cardiovascular toxicity. Toxicity due to drugs primarily used for treating cardiac disorders is the most extensively documented, especially the arrhythmias due to digitalis glycosides. Various arrhythmias are also caused by toxic levels of many antiarrhythmic agents including quinidine, procainamide and phenytotin. Myocardial depression and heart failure are serious side-effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents and myocardial ischaemia due to sympathominetic amines may result from both direct and indirect mechanisms. The many toxic reactions in the cardiovascular system due to non-cardiac drugs are less widely known and for the most part less clearly understood. Many remain controversial at the current time; for example, the diathesis toward thromboembolism in women taking oral contraceptives. Potential cardiac toxicity due to drugs used in the rapidly expanding sphere of anti-neoplastic chemotherapy is exemplified by the cardiomyopathy-like toxicities of doxorubicin and daunorubicin. Many of the psychotherapeutic drugs including phenothiazine antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants have arrhythmogenic potential.
多种药物可能与严重的心血管毒性有关。主要用于治疗心血管疾病的药物所导致的毒性。主要用于治疗心脏疾病的药物所导致的毒性是记录最为广泛的，尤其是洋地黄苷引起的心律失常。许多抗心律失常药物（包括奎尼丁、普鲁卡因胺和苯妥英）的中毒剂量也会引起各种心律失常。心肌抑制和心力衰竭是β-肾上腺素受体阻滞剂的严重副作用，而拟交感神经胺引起的心肌缺血可能由直接和间接机制导致。非心脏药物在心血管系统中引起的许多毒性反应鲜为人知，并且在很大程度上了解得也不够清楚。目前许多仍存在争议；例如，服用口服避孕药的女性发生血栓栓塞的易感性。在迅速扩展的抗肿瘤化疗领域中使用的药物所具有的潜在心脏毒性，以多柔比星和柔红霉素的类心肌病毒性为例。许多精神治疗药物，包括吩噻嗪类抗精神病药物和三环类抗抑郁药物，都有致心律失常的潜力。
