Barss Peter, Djerrari Hind, Leduc Bernard E, Lepage Yves, Dionne Clermont E
Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 2008 Mar;40(2):787-97. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.017. Epub 2007 Oct 8.
Diving is the most frequent cause of spinal cord injury (SCI) from recreation and sport in Canada. This study was done to identify risk factors for SCI from diving in the province of Quebec.
An interview survey was done for a target population of 203 subjects with a SCI from diving treated in the two specialized rehabilitation centers in Quebec during 1961-2004. Telephone interviews of consenting individuals were used to collect pertinent personal, equipment, and environmental factors for each incident.
Response was 44% (89/203); 92% were male and 85% <35 years old. Only 37% were aware prior to injury of the risk of SCI from diving, and only 33% had received water safety training. Swimming pools were the site of 51% (n=45) and natural bodies of water for 49% (n=44). 87% (n=39) of pools were single-unit home pools and 57% (n=26) above-ground. Depth indicators were absent for 100% of above-ground and 74% of in-ground pools. For SCI in in-ground pools, 63% resulted from striking the up-slope between deep and shallow ends. For dives at natural sites, a dock or wharf was the most frequent location, 36% (n=16). In 52% of pools and 79% of natural sites, depth was <1.4m (4.6ft). Signs prohibiting diving were absent in 96% of above-ground and 89% of in-ground pools. Alcohol was reported in 47% of SCIs.
The target for prevention of diving SCI is male youths and young adults. Above-ground pools are too shallow and small for diving. Deep ends of many in-ground pools are excessively shallow and short since many SCIs resulted from striking the up-slope. Prevention of SCI from diving needs to focus on education of potential victims, pool vendors and manufacturers, and regulations for safety norms in private pools. Water safety should highlight diving as a high-risk activity, and emphasize that most home pools and natural sites are unsafe. Safer evidence-based pool designs and more effective warnings need to be implemented.
在加拿大，潜水是休闲和运动导致脊髓损伤（SCI）的最常见原因。本研究旨在确定魁北克省潜水导致脊髓损伤的风险因素。
对1961年至2004年期间在魁北克省两家专业康复中心接受治疗的203例因潜水导致脊髓损伤的受试者进行了访谈调查。通过电话访谈获得同意的个体，收集每次事故的相关个人、设备和环境因素。
回复率为44%（89/203）；92%为男性，85%年龄小于35岁。只有37%的人在受伤前意识到潜水会导致脊髓损伤的风险，只有33%的人接受过水上安全培训。游泳池是事故发生地点的占51%（n = 45），天然水体占49%（n = 44）。87%（n = 39）的游泳池是独栋家庭游泳池，57%（n = 26）是地上游泳池。100%的地上游泳池和74%的地下游泳池没有深度标识。对于地下游泳池的脊髓损伤，63%是由于撞到深浅两端之间的上坡所致。在天然场所潜水时，码头或栈桥是最常见的地点，占36%（n = 16）。52%的游泳池和79%的天然场所深度小于1.4米（4.6英尺）。96%的地上游泳池和89%的地下游泳池没有禁止潜水的标志。47%的脊髓损伤事故中涉及酒精。
预防潜水导致脊髓损伤的目标人群是青年男性和年轻成年人。地上游泳池对于潜水来说太浅且太小。许多地下游泳池的深水区过浅且过短，因为许多脊髓损伤是由于撞到上坡所致。预防潜水导致的脊髓损伤需要关注对潜在受害者、泳池供应商和制造商的教育，以及私人泳池安全规范的监管。水上安全应强调潜水是一项高风险活动，并强调大多数家庭游泳池和天然场所都不安全。需要实施更安全的基于证据的泳池设计和更有效的警示措施。
