Kewalramani L S, Kraus J F
West J Med. 1977 May;126(5):353-61.
The aquatic activity that produces the greatest number of spinal-cord lesions is diving. Persons in the general population at greatest risk are males aged 15 to 19 years. Of the cases identified, 45 percent resulted from diving into a river or stream, 27 percent into swimming pools and 28 percent into lakes, reservoirs or the ocean. Distribution by age differed for the major groups of bodies of water. The incidence of spinal-cord injuries was related to season (spring-summer) and day of the week (weekends). The incidence of injuries was highest in those county areas with the least opportunity for exposure to swimming pools or rivers. Of the injured persons, 60 percent were tetraplegic at hospital admission. The most frequent radiologic finding was wedge fracture. This finding, in the absence of objective evidence that most divers struck the bottom of the water reservoir or a hard object, suggests that hyperventroflexion was the mechanism responsible for injury in most of the cases. Physicians and others should be aware of strategy options for preventing or reducing such injuries.
导致脊髓损伤数量最多的水上活动是潜水。一般人群中风险最大的是15至19岁的男性。在已确诊的病例中，45%是由于跳入河流或溪流导致的，27%是跳入游泳池，28%是跳入湖泊、水库或海洋。不同主要水体类型的年龄分布有所不同。脊髓损伤的发生率与季节（春夏）和星期几（周末）有关。在那些接触游泳池或河流机会最少的县区，损伤发生率最高。在受伤者中，60%在入院时为四肢瘫痪。最常见的放射学表现是楔形骨折。在没有客观证据表明大多数潜水者撞到水库底部或硬物的情况下，这一发现表明，在大多数病例中，过度弯曲是造成损伤的机制。医生和其他人应该了解预防或减少此类损伤的策略选择。
