Barrett Kim E
Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California 92093-0063, USA.
Adv Physiol Educ. 2008 Mar;32(1):25-34. doi: 10.1152/advan.00092.2007.
This article summarizes a presentation made at the Teaching Refresher Course of the American Physiological Society, which was held at the Experimental Biology meeting in 2007. The intestinal epithelium has important ion transport and barrier functions that contribute pivotally to normal physiological functioning of the intestine and other body systems. These functions are also frequently the target of dysfunction that, in turn, results in specific digestive disease states, such as diarrheal illnesses. Three emerging concepts are discussed with respect to ion transport: the complex interplay of intracellular signals that both activate and inhibit chloride secretion; the role of multiprotein complexes in the regulation of ion transport, taking sodium/hydrogen exchange as an example; and acute and chronic regulation of colonic sodium absorption, involving both sodium channel internalization and de novo synthesis of new channels. Similarly, recently obtained information about the molecular components of epithelial tight junctions and the ways in which tight junctions are regulated both in health and disease are discussed to exemplify ways to teach about intestinal barrier properties. Finally, both genetically determined intestinal diseases and those arising as a result of infections and/or inflammation are described, and these can be used as the means to enhance the basic and clinical relevance of teaching about intestinal epithelial physiology as well as the impact that the understanding of such physiology has had on associated therapeutics. The article also indicates, where relevant, how different approaches may be used effectively to teach related concepts to graduate versus medical/professional student audiences.
本文总结了在美国生理学会教学进修课程上的一次演讲内容，该课程于2007年在实验生物学会议期间举行。肠上皮具有重要的离子转运和屏障功能，对肠道及其他身体系统的正常生理功能起着关键作用。这些功能也常常是功能障碍的靶点，进而导致特定的消化系统疾病状态，如腹泻性疾病。本文讨论了有关离子转运的三个新出现的概念：激活和抑制氯离子分泌的细胞内信号的复杂相互作用；以钠/氢交换为例，多蛋白复合物在离子转运调节中的作用；以及结肠钠吸收的急性和慢性调节，涉及钠通道的内化和新通道的从头合成。同样，本文还讨论了最近获得的关于上皮紧密连接分子成分的信息，以及紧密连接在健康和疾病状态下的调节方式，以举例说明讲授肠道屏障特性的方法。最后，本文描述了遗传性肠道疾病以及由感染和/或炎症引起的肠道疾病，这些疾病可作为增强肠道上皮生理学教学的基础和临床相关性的手段，以及理解此类生理学对相关治疗的影响。本文还在相关之处指出了如何有效地采用不同方法向研究生和医学/专业学生受众讲授相关概念。
