Alabi Sulyman, Ernest Kolade, Eletta Paul, Owolabi Adesina, Afolabi Abdul, Suleiman Olayinka
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 May;72(5):659-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2008.01.024. Epub 2008 Mar 11.
BACKGROUND/AIM: Various degrees of hearing loss have been associated with sickle cell anaemia, especially of the sensorineural type (SNHL). However, there is little information on hearing pattern among sickle cell children in Nigeria. This study is to determine the prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) among children with sickle cell anaemia (SCA).
Eighty (80) stable children aged 4-15 with Hbss attending the pediatric sickle cell clinic and also 60 control patients with HbAA, matched for age, sex at the pediatric general medical clinic of the University of Ilorin teaching hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria, all had prospective study of their pure tone audiological assessment (PTA) and tympanometric evaluations done over a year period.
Their age range was 4-15 years with a mean of 9.4 for the Hbss and 9.7 for the control group. The male/female ratio was 1.3:1 and 1.5:1 for SCA and control subjects respectively. 25 subjects (50 ears) had abnormal audiograms among the SCA subjects and OME was the cause in 22 subjects and only three (3) had mild SNHL which was bilateral. However, in the control group 15 had abnormal audiograms and all were due to OME and none had SNHL. OME was bilateral in 19 subjects with SCA, two on the left and only one on the right. In the control group, 11 of the OME was bilateral and only four were on the left side. The prevalence of SNHL was 3.8% and OME was 27.5%.
We have found a prevalence rate for SNHL of 3.8% for 80 subjects with HbSS, and all cases have been a mild bilateral high frequency SNHL. Our findings suggested that SNHL is uncommon in early childhood, specifically during the years of language acquisition and early schooling. This could mean an age dependant prevalence rate of SNHL among SCA patients. However, no difference in the incidence of OME among both groups which can lead to educational difficulties from the resultant speech and language defects.
背景/目的：不同程度的听力损失与镰状细胞贫血有关，尤其是感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）。然而，关于尼日利亚镰状细胞病患儿的听力模式信息很少。本研究旨在确定镰状细胞贫血（SCA）患儿中感音神经性听力损失（SNHL）的患病率。
80名年龄在4至15岁、患有Hbss的稳定患儿在伊洛林大学教学医院儿科镰状细胞门诊就诊，同时60名年龄、性别匹配的HbAA对照患者在该医院儿科普通门诊就诊。在一年时间里，对所有患者进行了纯音听力评估（PTA）和鼓室图评估的前瞻性研究。
他们的年龄范围是4至15岁，Hbss组的平均年龄为9.4岁，对照组为9.7岁。SCA组和对照组的男/女比例分别为1.3:1和1.5:1。SCA组中有25名受试者（50只耳朵）听力图异常，其中22名受试者的病因是中耳炎，只有3名（3只耳朵）患有轻度双侧SNHL。然而，对照组中有15名受试者听力图异常，所有这些均由中耳炎引起，且无人患有SNHL。19名SCA受试者的中耳炎为双侧，2例在左侧，右侧仅1例。在对照组中，11例中耳炎为双侧，仅4例在左侧。SNHL的患病率为3.8%，中耳炎为27.5%。
我们发现80名患有HbSS的受试者中SNHL的患病率为3.8%，所有病例均为轻度双侧高频SNHL。我们的研究结果表明，SNHL在幼儿期并不常见，特别是在语言习得和早期学校教育阶段。这可能意味着SCA患者中SNHL的患病率与年龄有关。然而，两组中耳炎的发病率没有差异，中耳炎可能会因由此导致的言语和语言缺陷而引起教育困难。
